WoRMS name details
Protopalythoa Verrill, 1900
100795 (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:100795)
unaccepted
Genus
- Species Protopalythoa australiensis (Carlgren, 1950) accepted as Protopalythoa mutuki (Haddon & Shackleton, 1891)
- Species Protopalythoa canariensis (Haddon & Duerden, 1896) accepted as Palythoa canariensis Haddon & Duerden, 1896
- Species Protopalythoa grandis Verrill, 1900 accepted as Palythoa grandis (Verrill, 1900)
- Species Protopalythoa heliodiscus Ryland & Lancaster, 2003 accepted as Palythoa heliodiscus (Ryland & Lancaster, 2003) (changed combination)
- Species Protopalythoa variabilis (Duerden, 1898) accepted as Palythoa variabilis (Duerden, 1898)
- Species Protopalythoa vestitus (Verrill, 1928) accepted as Palythoa vestitus (Verrill, 1928)
- Species Protopalythoa arenacea (Wilsmore, 1909) (uncertain > unassessed)
- Species Protopalythoa clavata Duchassaing (uncertain > unassessed)
- Species Protopalythoa fusca Duerden (uncertain > unassessed)
- Species Protopalythoa grandiflora (uncertain > unassessed)
- Species Protopalythoa heideri (Carlgren, 1954) (uncertain > unassessed)
- Species Protopalythoa heilprini Verrill (uncertain > unassessed)
- Species Protopalythoa isolata (McMurrich, 1889) (uncertain > unassessed)
- Species Protopalythoa mcmurrichi Haddon & Shackleton (uncertain > unassessed)
- Species Protopalythoa mutuki (Haddon & Shackleton, 1891) (uncertain > unassessed)
- Species Protopalythoa nelliae Pax (uncertain > unassessed)
- Species Protopalythoa psammophilia (uncertain > unassessed)
- Species Protopalythoa toxica Walsh & Bowers, 1971 (uncertain > unassessed)
- Species Protopalythoa yongei (uncertain > unassessed)
marine, brackish, fresh, terrestrial
Verrill, A. E. (1900). Additions to the Anthozoa and Hydrozoa of the Bermudas. <em>In: Verrill, A. E., Zoology of the Bermudas, 1903.</em> 551-572 + 3 plates. [details]
Reimer, J.D.; Sinniger, F. (2024). World List of Zoantharia. Protopalythoa Verrill, 1900. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=100795 on 2024-11-10
Date
action
by
2004-12-21 15:54:05Z
created
db_admin
2006-09-28 06:51:36Z
changed
Martinez, Olga
The webpage text is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License
original description
Verrill, A. E. (1900). Additions to the Anthozoa and Hydrozoa of the Bermudas. <em>In: Verrill, A. E., Zoology of the Bermudas, 1903.</em> 551-572 + 3 plates. [details]
additional source Ryland, J. S. et al. (2000). Semper’s (zoanthid) larvae: pelagic life, parentage and other problems. Hydrobiologia, 440: 191-198
page(s): 2, 5, 7 [details]
additional source Fossa, S. A.; Nilsen, A. J. (1998). The Modern Coral Reef Aquarium. <em>Birgit Schmettkamp Verlag, Bornheim, Germany.</em> volume 2, pp 479.
page(s): 271, 273, 274, 275, 280-282, 283 [details]
additional source Hoover, J. P. (1998). Hawaii's Sea Creatures. Mutual Publishing. Honolulu., edition 1st, pp. 366.
page(s): 44 [details]
additional source Tanner, J. E. (1999). Density-dependent population dynamics in clonal organisms: a modelling approach. Journal of Animal Ecology, 68, 390-399
page(s): 397 [details]
additional source Herberts, C. (1987). Ordre des Zoanthaires. Masson. Paris., pp. 783-810
page(s): 805, 806 [details]
additional source Muirhead, A. M.; Ryland, J. S. (1984). Order Zoanthidea. Australian Coral Reef Society. Brisbane., edition 2nd, pp. 29-33
page(s): 23, 30, 32 [details]
additional source Muirhead, A. M.; Ryland, J. S. (1985). A review of the genus Isaurus Gray, 1828 (Zoanthidea), including new records from Fiji. Journal of Natural History, 19, 323-335
page(s): 325 [details]
additional source Seifert, R. (1928). Die Nesselkapseln der Zoantharien und ihre differentialdiagnostische Bedeutung. Zoologische Jahrbücher Abteilung für Systematik, Ökologie und Geographie der Tiere, 55, 419-500
page(s): 485 [details]
additional source Ryland, J. S.; Wigley, R. A.; Muirhead, A. M. (1984). Ecology and colonial dynamics of some Pacific reef flat Didemnidae (Ascidiacea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 80, 261-282
page(s): 265, 270 [details]
additional source Walsh, G. E. (1967). An Annotated Bibliography of the Families Zoanthidae, Epizoanthidae, and Parazoanthidae (Coelenterata, Zoantharia). Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology. Honolulu., pp. 77.
page(s): 34-35 [details]
additional source Ryland, J. S. (1997). Reproduction in Zoanthidea (Anthozoa: Hexacorallia). Invertebrate Reproduction and Development, 31(1-3): 177-188
page(s): 177-184 [details]
additional source Ryland, J. S. (1997). Budding in Acrozoanthus Saville-Kent, 1893 (Anthozoa: Zoanthidea). Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Coelenterate Biology, 423-428
page(s): 427 [details]
additional source Ryland, J. S.; Muirhead, A. M. (1983). Fringing reefs in southwest Viti Levu, with special reference to Zoanthidea. Bulletin of Marine Science, 33(3): 783-784
page(s): 783 [details]
additional source Ryland, J. S.; Babcock, R. C. (1991). Annual cycle of gametogenesis and spawning in a tropical zoanthid, Protopalythoa sp. Hydrobiologia, 216/217, 117-123
page(s): 117-123 [details]
additional source Ates, R. M. L. (1995). Colonial anemones - Zoanthiniaria. A review for the seriously interested marine aquarist. Aquarium Frontiers, Spring 1995, 10-13
page(s): 10-13 [details]
additional source Fosså, S. A.; Nilsen, A. J. (1995). Korallenriff-Aquarium, 4. Nesseltiere in Korallenriff und für das Korallenriff-Aquarium. Birgit Schmettkamp Verlag. Bornheim, Germany., edition 1st, volume 4, pp. 447.
page(s): 257-269 [details]
additional source Paulay, G.; Puglisi, M. P.; Starmer, J. A. (2003). The non-scleractinian Anthozoa (Cnidaria) of the Mariana Islands. Micronesica, 35-36, 138-155
page(s): 141, 147 [details]
additional source Babcock, R. C.; Ryland, J. S. (1990). Larval development of a tropical zoanthid (Protopalythoa sp.). Invertebrate Reproduction and Development, 17, 3, 229-236
page(s): 229-236 [details]
additional source Ono, S.; Reimer, J. D.; Tsukahara, J. (2005). Reproduction of Zoanthus sansibaricus in the infra-littoral zone at Taisho Lava Field, Sakurajima, Kagoshima, Japan. Zoological Science, 22, 247-255
page(s): 247, 254 [details]
additional source Boscolo, H. K.; Silveira, F. L. (2005). Reproductive biology of Palythoa caribaeorum and Protopalythoa variabilis (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Zoanthidea) from the southeastern coast of Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 65, 1, 29-41
page(s): 33, 38, 39 [details]
additional source Eckelbarger, K. J.; Hand, C. H.; Uhlinger, K. R. (2008). Ultrastructural features of the trophonema and oogenesis in the starlet sea anemone, Nematostella vectensis (Edwardsiidae). Invertebrate Biology, 127(4): 3810395
page(s): 389 [details]
additional source Hoffmann, K.; Hermanns-Clausen, M.; Buhl, C.; Büchler, M. W.; Schemmer, P.; Mebs, D.; Kauferstein, S. (2008). A case of palytoxin poisoning due to contact with zoanthid corals through a skin injury. Toxicon, 51, 1535-1537
page(s): 1535 [details]
additional source Hirose, M.; Obuchi, M.; Hirose, E.; Reimer, J. D. (2011). Timing of spawning and early development of Palythoa tuberculosa (Anthozoa, Zoantharia, Sphenopidae) in Okinawa, Japan. Biological Bulletin, 220(23-31): 23-31
page(s): 26, 29 [details]
additional source Dunn, D. F. (1982). Cnidaria. McGraw-Hill Book Company. New York and other cities., volume 1, pp. 669-706
page(s): 704 [details]
additional source Fautin, Daphne G. (2013). Hexacorallians of the World. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source Neave, Sheffield Airey. (1939-1996). Nomenclator Zoologicus vol. 1-10 Online. <em>[Online Nomenclator Zoologicus at Checklistbank. Ubio link has gone].</em> , available online at https://www.checklistbank.org/dataset/126539/about [details]
additional source Ryland, J.S., Brasseur M.M., Lancaster J.E., 2004. Use of cnidae in taxonomy: implications from a study of Acrozoanthus australiae (Hexacorallia, Zoanthidea). Journal of Natural History 38 : 1193-1223.
page(s): 1195 [details] Available for editors
[request]
additional source Reimer, Ono, Iwama, Takishita, Tsukahara & Maruyama. 2006. Morphological and molecular revision of Zoanthus (Anthozoa: Hexacorallia) from southwestern Japan with description of two new species. Zoological Science Volume: 23 Issue: 3 Pages: 261-275
page(s): 274 [details]
additional source Burnett WJ, Benzie JAH, Beardmore JA, Ryland JS. 1997. Zoanthids (Anthozoa, Hexacorallia) from the Great Barrier Reef and Torres Strait, Australia: systematics, evolution and a key to species. Coral Reefs 16: 55-68.
page(s): 55-67 [details]
additional source Zabin, C. J.; Carlton, J. T.; Godwin, L. S. (2004). First report of the Asian sea anemone Diadumene lineata from the Hawaiian Islands. <em>Bishop Museum Occasional Papers.</em> 79, 54., available online at http://hbs.bishopmuseum.org/pubs-online/pdf/op79.pdf
page(s): 56 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source Herberts, C. (1972). Etude systématique de quelques zoanthaires tempérés et tropicaux. <em>Tethys.</em> Supplement 3, pp. 69-156.
page(s): 72, 80 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source Sinniger, F.; Montoya-Burgos, J. I.; Chevaldonné, P.; Pawlowski, J. (2005). Phylogeny of the order Zoantharia (Anthozoa, Hexacorallia) based on the mitochondrial ribosomal genes. <em>Marine Biology.</em> 147(5): 1121-1128., available online at https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-005-0016-3
page(s): 1122, 1124, 1125 [details]
additional source Reimer, J. D.; Ono, S.; Takishita, K.; Tsukahara, J.; Maruyama, T. (2006). Molecular Evidence Suggesting Species in the Zoanthid Genera Palythoa and Protopalythoa (Anthozoa: Hexacorallia) Are Congeneric. <em>Zoological Science.</em> 23(1): 87-94., available online at https://doi.org/10.2108/zsj.23.87
page(s): 88, 90 [details]
additional source Gosliner, T. M.; Behrens, D. W.; Williams, G. C. (1996). Coral Reef Animals of the Indo-Pacific. Sea Challengers, Monterey, 314 pp (Bryozoa p.243-248)
page(s): 6667 [details]
additional source Fenner, D. P. (2005). Corals of Hawai'i. A Field Guide to the Hard, Black, and Soft Corals of Hawai'i and the Northwest Hawaiian Islands, Including Midway. <em>Mutual Publishing, Ltd., Honolulu.</em> 144 pp.
page(s): 27, 92 [details]
additional source Ryland, J. S. et al. (2000). Semper’s (zoanthid) larvae: pelagic life, parentage and other problems. Hydrobiologia, 440: 191-198
page(s): 2, 5, 7 [details]
additional source Fossa, S. A.; Nilsen, A. J. (1998). The Modern Coral Reef Aquarium. <em>Birgit Schmettkamp Verlag, Bornheim, Germany.</em> volume 2, pp 479.
page(s): 271, 273, 274, 275, 280-282, 283 [details]
additional source Hoover, J. P. (1998). Hawaii's Sea Creatures. Mutual Publishing. Honolulu., edition 1st, pp. 366.
page(s): 44 [details]
additional source Tanner, J. E. (1999). Density-dependent population dynamics in clonal organisms: a modelling approach. Journal of Animal Ecology, 68, 390-399
page(s): 397 [details]
additional source Herberts, C. (1987). Ordre des Zoanthaires. Masson. Paris., pp. 783-810
page(s): 805, 806 [details]
additional source Muirhead, A. M.; Ryland, J. S. (1984). Order Zoanthidea. Australian Coral Reef Society. Brisbane., edition 2nd, pp. 29-33
page(s): 23, 30, 32 [details]
additional source Muirhead, A. M.; Ryland, J. S. (1985). A review of the genus Isaurus Gray, 1828 (Zoanthidea), including new records from Fiji. Journal of Natural History, 19, 323-335
page(s): 325 [details]
additional source Seifert, R. (1928). Die Nesselkapseln der Zoantharien und ihre differentialdiagnostische Bedeutung. Zoologische Jahrbücher Abteilung für Systematik, Ökologie und Geographie der Tiere, 55, 419-500
page(s): 485 [details]
additional source Ryland, J. S.; Wigley, R. A.; Muirhead, A. M. (1984). Ecology and colonial dynamics of some Pacific reef flat Didemnidae (Ascidiacea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 80, 261-282
page(s): 265, 270 [details]
additional source Walsh, G. E. (1967). An Annotated Bibliography of the Families Zoanthidae, Epizoanthidae, and Parazoanthidae (Coelenterata, Zoantharia). Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology. Honolulu., pp. 77.
page(s): 34-35 [details]
additional source Ryland, J. S. (1997). Reproduction in Zoanthidea (Anthozoa: Hexacorallia). Invertebrate Reproduction and Development, 31(1-3): 177-188
page(s): 177-184 [details]
additional source Ryland, J. S. (1997). Budding in Acrozoanthus Saville-Kent, 1893 (Anthozoa: Zoanthidea). Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Coelenterate Biology, 423-428
page(s): 427 [details]
additional source Ryland, J. S.; Muirhead, A. M. (1983). Fringing reefs in southwest Viti Levu, with special reference to Zoanthidea. Bulletin of Marine Science, 33(3): 783-784
page(s): 783 [details]
additional source Ryland, J. S.; Babcock, R. C. (1991). Annual cycle of gametogenesis and spawning in a tropical zoanthid, Protopalythoa sp. Hydrobiologia, 216/217, 117-123
page(s): 117-123 [details]
additional source Ates, R. M. L. (1995). Colonial anemones - Zoanthiniaria. A review for the seriously interested marine aquarist. Aquarium Frontiers, Spring 1995, 10-13
page(s): 10-13 [details]
additional source Fosså, S. A.; Nilsen, A. J. (1995). Korallenriff-Aquarium, 4. Nesseltiere in Korallenriff und für das Korallenriff-Aquarium. Birgit Schmettkamp Verlag. Bornheim, Germany., edition 1st, volume 4, pp. 447.
page(s): 257-269 [details]
additional source Paulay, G.; Puglisi, M. P.; Starmer, J. A. (2003). The non-scleractinian Anthozoa (Cnidaria) of the Mariana Islands. Micronesica, 35-36, 138-155
page(s): 141, 147 [details]
additional source Babcock, R. C.; Ryland, J. S. (1990). Larval development of a tropical zoanthid (Protopalythoa sp.). Invertebrate Reproduction and Development, 17, 3, 229-236
page(s): 229-236 [details]
additional source Ono, S.; Reimer, J. D.; Tsukahara, J. (2005). Reproduction of Zoanthus sansibaricus in the infra-littoral zone at Taisho Lava Field, Sakurajima, Kagoshima, Japan. Zoological Science, 22, 247-255
page(s): 247, 254 [details]
additional source Boscolo, H. K.; Silveira, F. L. (2005). Reproductive biology of Palythoa caribaeorum and Protopalythoa variabilis (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Zoanthidea) from the southeastern coast of Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 65, 1, 29-41
page(s): 33, 38, 39 [details]
additional source Eckelbarger, K. J.; Hand, C. H.; Uhlinger, K. R. (2008). Ultrastructural features of the trophonema and oogenesis in the starlet sea anemone, Nematostella vectensis (Edwardsiidae). Invertebrate Biology, 127(4): 3810395
page(s): 389 [details]
additional source Hoffmann, K.; Hermanns-Clausen, M.; Buhl, C.; Büchler, M. W.; Schemmer, P.; Mebs, D.; Kauferstein, S. (2008). A case of palytoxin poisoning due to contact with zoanthid corals through a skin injury. Toxicon, 51, 1535-1537
page(s): 1535 [details]
additional source Hirose, M.; Obuchi, M.; Hirose, E.; Reimer, J. D. (2011). Timing of spawning and early development of Palythoa tuberculosa (Anthozoa, Zoantharia, Sphenopidae) in Okinawa, Japan. Biological Bulletin, 220(23-31): 23-31
page(s): 26, 29 [details]
additional source Dunn, D. F. (1982). Cnidaria. McGraw-Hill Book Company. New York and other cities., volume 1, pp. 669-706
page(s): 704 [details]
additional source Fautin, Daphne G. (2013). Hexacorallians of the World. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source Neave, Sheffield Airey. (1939-1996). Nomenclator Zoologicus vol. 1-10 Online. <em>[Online Nomenclator Zoologicus at Checklistbank. Ubio link has gone].</em> , available online at https://www.checklistbank.org/dataset/126539/about [details]
additional source Ryland, J.S., Brasseur M.M., Lancaster J.E., 2004. Use of cnidae in taxonomy: implications from a study of Acrozoanthus australiae (Hexacorallia, Zoanthidea). Journal of Natural History 38 : 1193-1223.
page(s): 1195 [details] Available for editors
[request]additional source Reimer, Ono, Iwama, Takishita, Tsukahara & Maruyama. 2006. Morphological and molecular revision of Zoanthus (Anthozoa: Hexacorallia) from southwestern Japan with description of two new species. Zoological Science Volume: 23 Issue: 3 Pages: 261-275
page(s): 274 [details]
additional source Burnett WJ, Benzie JAH, Beardmore JA, Ryland JS. 1997. Zoanthids (Anthozoa, Hexacorallia) from the Great Barrier Reef and Torres Strait, Australia: systematics, evolution and a key to species. Coral Reefs 16: 55-68.
page(s): 55-67 [details]
additional source Zabin, C. J.; Carlton, J. T.; Godwin, L. S. (2004). First report of the Asian sea anemone Diadumene lineata from the Hawaiian Islands. <em>Bishop Museum Occasional Papers.</em> 79, 54., available online at http://hbs.bishopmuseum.org/pubs-online/pdf/op79.pdf
page(s): 56 [details] Available for editors
[request]additional source Herberts, C. (1972). Etude systématique de quelques zoanthaires tempérés et tropicaux. <em>Tethys.</em> Supplement 3, pp. 69-156.
page(s): 72, 80 [details] Available for editors
[request]additional source Sinniger, F.; Montoya-Burgos, J. I.; Chevaldonné, P.; Pawlowski, J. (2005). Phylogeny of the order Zoantharia (Anthozoa, Hexacorallia) based on the mitochondrial ribosomal genes. <em>Marine Biology.</em> 147(5): 1121-1128., available online at https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-005-0016-3
page(s): 1122, 1124, 1125 [details]
additional source Reimer, J. D.; Ono, S.; Takishita, K.; Tsukahara, J.; Maruyama, T. (2006). Molecular Evidence Suggesting Species in the Zoanthid Genera Palythoa and Protopalythoa (Anthozoa: Hexacorallia) Are Congeneric. <em>Zoological Science.</em> 23(1): 87-94., available online at https://doi.org/10.2108/zsj.23.87
page(s): 88, 90 [details]
additional source Gosliner, T. M.; Behrens, D. W.; Williams, G. C. (1996). Coral Reef Animals of the Indo-Pacific. Sea Challengers, Monterey, 314 pp (Bryozoa p.243-248)
page(s): 6667 [details]
additional source Fenner, D. P. (2005). Corals of Hawai'i. A Field Guide to the Hard, Black, and Soft Corals of Hawai'i and the Northwest Hawaiian Islands, Including Midway. <em>Mutual Publishing, Ltd., Honolulu.</em> 144 pp.
page(s): 27, 92 [details]
Present Inaccurate Introduced: alien Containing type locality
