WoRMS taxon details
Phallusia nigra Savigny, 1816
103725 (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:103725)
accepted
Species
Ascidia atra Lesueur, 1823 · unaccepted (original combination)
Ascidia nigra (Savigny, 1816) · unaccepted (synonym)
Ascidia somalensis Sluiter, 1905 · unaccepted (synonym)
Ascidia somaliensis Sluiter, 1905 · unaccepted > nomen nudum
Phallusia atra (Lesueur, 1823) · unaccepted (new combination)
Phallusia violacea Gould, 1852 · unaccepted (original combination)
Phallusiopsis nigra (Savigny, 1816) · unaccepted (new combination)
Thallusia nigra (Savigny, 1816) · unaccepted (misspelling)
Tunica nigra (Savigny, 1816) · unaccepted (new combination)
marine, fresh, terrestrial
Savigny, J. C. (1816). Memoires sur les animaux sans vertebres. <em>Paris.</em> 2: 1-239. [details] 
Shenkar, N.; Gittenberger, A.; Lambert, G.; Rius, M.; Moreira da Rocha, R.; Swalla, B.J.; Turon, X. (2024). Ascidiacea World Database. Phallusia nigra Savigny, 1816. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=103725 on 2024-11-21
The webpage text is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License
original description
Savigny, J. C. (1816). Memoires sur les animaux sans vertebres. <em>Paris.</em> 2: 1-239. [details]
original description (of Ascidia atra Lesueur, 1823) Lesueur C.A. (1823). Descriptions of several new species of <i>Ascidia</i>. <em>Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.</em> 3: 2-8. [details]
original description (of Ascidia somaliensis Sluiter, 1905) Sluiter, C. P. (1905). Tuniciers recueillis en 1904 par Mr. Ch. Gravier dans le golfe de Tadjourah (Somalie française). Bull. Mus. Hist. nat.,Paris, 11 : 100-103. [details]
original description (of Phallusia violacea Gould, 1852) Gould, A. A. (1852). Mollusca and shells. <em>In: United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842 under the command of Charles Wilkes. Boston.</em> 12: 1-510; atlas 1856: 1-16., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/10991152 [details]
context source (Introduced species) Katsanevakis, S.; Bogucarskis, K.; Gatto, F.; Vandekerkhove, J.; Deriu, I.; Cardoso A.S. (2012). Building the European Alien Species Information Network (EASIN): a novel approach for the exploration of distributed alien species data. <em>BioInvasions Records.</em> 1: 235-245., available online at http://easin.jrc.ec.europa.eu [details] Available for editors
[request]
basis of record Monniot, C. (2001). Ascidiacea & Sorberacea. <em>In: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels.</em> 50: pp. 352-355. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source Millar, R. H. (1975). Ascidians from the Indo-West-Pacific region in the zoological museum, Copenhagen (Tunicata, Ascidiacea). <em>Steenstrupia.</em> 3(20): 205-336. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source Streftaris, N., A. Zenetos & E. Papathanassiou. (2005). Globalisation in marine ecosystems: the story of non-indigenous marine species across European seas. <em>Oceanogry and Marine Biology: an Annual Review.</em> 43: 419-453. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source Zenetos, A.; Çinar, M.E.; Pancucci-Papadopoulou, M.A.; Harmelin, J.-G.; Furnari, G.; Andaloro, F.; Bellou, N.; Streftaris, N.; Zibrowius, H. (2005). Annotated list of marine alien species in the Mediterranean with records of the worst invasive species. <em>Mediterranean Marine Science.</em> 6 (2): 63-118., available online at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273213810_Annotated_list_of_marine_alien_species_in_the_Mediterranean_with_records_of_the_worst_invasive_species [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source Cole, L. and G. Lambert. 2009. Tunicata (Urochordata) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 1209–1216 in Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, College Station, Texas. [details]
additional source Bonnet, N. Y. K.; Rocha, R. M. (2011). The family Ascidiidae Herdman (Tunicata: Ascidiacea) in Bocas del Toro, Panama. Description of six new species. <em>Zootaxa.</em> 2864:1–33. [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source Zenetos, A.; Gofas, S.; Verlaque, M.; Cinar, M.; Garcia Raso, J.; Bianchi, C.; Morri, C.; Azzurro, E.; Bilecenoglu, M.; Froglia, C.; Siokou, I.; Violanti, D.; Sfriso, A.; San Martin, G.; Giangrande, A.; Katagan, T.; Ballesteros, E.; Ramos-Espla, A.; Mastrototaro, F.; Ocana, O.; Zingone, A.; Gambi, M.; Streftaris, N. (2010). Alien species in the Mediterranean Sea by 2010. A contribution to the application of European Union's Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). Part I. Spatial distribution. <em>Mediterranean Marine Science.</em> 11(2): 381-493., available online at https://doi.org/10.12681/mms.87 [details]
additional source Bonnet, N. Y. K.; Rocha, R. M. (2011). The Ascidiidae (Ascidiacea: Tunicata) of coastal Brazil. <em>Zoological Studies.</em> 50, 809-825. [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source Rocha, R. M.; Bonnet, N. Y. K; Baptista, M. S.; Beltramin, F. S. (2012). Introduced and native Phlebobranch and Stolidobranch solitary ascidians (Tunicata: Ascidiacea) around Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. <em>Zoologia.</em> 29(1):39-53.
page(s): 43 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source Izquierdo-Muñoz, A.; Díaz-Valdés, M.; Ramos-Esplá, A.A. (2009). Recent non-indigenous ascidians in the Mediterranean Sea. <em>Aquatic Invasions.</em> 4(1): 59-64., available online at http://www.aquaticinvasions.net/2009/AI_2009_4_1_IzquierdoMunoz_etal.pdf [details]
additional source Galil, B. (2007). Seeing Red: Alien species along the Mediterranean coast of Israel. <em>Aquatic Invasions.</em> 2(4): 281-312., available online at https://doi.org/10.3391/ai.2007.2.4.2 [details]
additional source Vandepas, L. E.; Oliveira, L. M.; Lee, S. S.; Hirose, E.; Rocha, R. M.; Swalla, B.J. (2015). Biogeography of Phallusia nigra: Is it really black and white?. <em>The Biological Bulletin.</em> 228: 52-64. [details]
additional source Meliane, I.; Esplá, A. A.R. (2001). Records of ascidians (Chrodata, Tunicata) from Oman, south East of Arabian Peninsula. <em>in: Claereboudt, M., Goddard, S., Al-Oufi, H., and McIlwain, J. eds. Proc. 1st International Conference on Fisheries, Aquaculture and Environment in the NW Indian Ocean, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman.</em> pp 37-43. [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source van der Land, J. (ed). (2008). UNESCO-IOC Register of Marine Organisms (URMO). , available online at http://www.marinespecies.org/urmo/ [details]
original description (of Ascidia atra Lesueur, 1823) Lesueur C.A. (1823). Descriptions of several new species of <i>Ascidia</i>. <em>Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.</em> 3: 2-8. [details]
original description (of Ascidia somaliensis Sluiter, 1905) Sluiter, C. P. (1905). Tuniciers recueillis en 1904 par Mr. Ch. Gravier dans le golfe de Tadjourah (Somalie française). Bull. Mus. Hist. nat.,Paris, 11 : 100-103. [details]
original description (of Phallusia violacea Gould, 1852) Gould, A. A. (1852). Mollusca and shells. <em>In: United States Exploring Expedition during the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842 under the command of Charles Wilkes. Boston.</em> 12: 1-510; atlas 1856: 1-16., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/10991152 [details]
context source (Introduced species) Katsanevakis, S.; Bogucarskis, K.; Gatto, F.; Vandekerkhove, J.; Deriu, I.; Cardoso A.S. (2012). Building the European Alien Species Information Network (EASIN): a novel approach for the exploration of distributed alien species data. <em>BioInvasions Records.</em> 1: 235-245., available online at http://easin.jrc.ec.europa.eu [details] Available for editors
[request]basis of record Monniot, C. (2001). Ascidiacea & Sorberacea. <em>In: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels.</em> 50: pp. 352-355. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source Millar, R. H. (1975). Ascidians from the Indo-West-Pacific region in the zoological museum, Copenhagen (Tunicata, Ascidiacea). <em>Steenstrupia.</em> 3(20): 205-336. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors
[request]additional source Streftaris, N., A. Zenetos & E. Papathanassiou. (2005). Globalisation in marine ecosystems: the story of non-indigenous marine species across European seas. <em>Oceanogry and Marine Biology: an Annual Review.</em> 43: 419-453. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors
[request]additional source Zenetos, A.; Çinar, M.E.; Pancucci-Papadopoulou, M.A.; Harmelin, J.-G.; Furnari, G.; Andaloro, F.; Bellou, N.; Streftaris, N.; Zibrowius, H. (2005). Annotated list of marine alien species in the Mediterranean with records of the worst invasive species. <em>Mediterranean Marine Science.</em> 6 (2): 63-118., available online at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273213810_Annotated_list_of_marine_alien_species_in_the_Mediterranean_with_records_of_the_worst_invasive_species [details] Available for editors
[request]additional source Cole, L. and G. Lambert. 2009. Tunicata (Urochordata) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 1209–1216 in Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, College Station, Texas. [details]
additional source Bonnet, N. Y. K.; Rocha, R. M. (2011). The family Ascidiidae Herdman (Tunicata: Ascidiacea) in Bocas del Toro, Panama. Description of six new species. <em>Zootaxa.</em> 2864:1–33. [details] Available for editors
[request]additional source Zenetos, A.; Gofas, S.; Verlaque, M.; Cinar, M.; Garcia Raso, J.; Bianchi, C.; Morri, C.; Azzurro, E.; Bilecenoglu, M.; Froglia, C.; Siokou, I.; Violanti, D.; Sfriso, A.; San Martin, G.; Giangrande, A.; Katagan, T.; Ballesteros, E.; Ramos-Espla, A.; Mastrototaro, F.; Ocana, O.; Zingone, A.; Gambi, M.; Streftaris, N. (2010). Alien species in the Mediterranean Sea by 2010. A contribution to the application of European Union's Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). Part I. Spatial distribution. <em>Mediterranean Marine Science.</em> 11(2): 381-493., available online at https://doi.org/10.12681/mms.87 [details]
additional source Bonnet, N. Y. K.; Rocha, R. M. (2011). The Ascidiidae (Ascidiacea: Tunicata) of coastal Brazil. <em>Zoological Studies.</em> 50, 809-825. [details] Available for editors
[request]additional source Rocha, R. M.; Bonnet, N. Y. K; Baptista, M. S.; Beltramin, F. S. (2012). Introduced and native Phlebobranch and Stolidobranch solitary ascidians (Tunicata: Ascidiacea) around Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. <em>Zoologia.</em> 29(1):39-53.
page(s): 43 [details] Available for editors
[request]additional source Izquierdo-Muñoz, A.; Díaz-Valdés, M.; Ramos-Esplá, A.A. (2009). Recent non-indigenous ascidians in the Mediterranean Sea. <em>Aquatic Invasions.</em> 4(1): 59-64., available online at http://www.aquaticinvasions.net/2009/AI_2009_4_1_IzquierdoMunoz_etal.pdf [details]
additional source Galil, B. (2007). Seeing Red: Alien species along the Mediterranean coast of Israel. <em>Aquatic Invasions.</em> 2(4): 281-312., available online at https://doi.org/10.3391/ai.2007.2.4.2 [details]
additional source Vandepas, L. E.; Oliveira, L. M.; Lee, S. S.; Hirose, E.; Rocha, R. M.; Swalla, B.J. (2015). Biogeography of Phallusia nigra: Is it really black and white?. <em>The Biological Bulletin.</em> 228: 52-64. [details]
additional source Meliane, I.; Esplá, A. A.R. (2001). Records of ascidians (Chrodata, Tunicata) from Oman, south East of Arabian Peninsula. <em>in: Claereboudt, M., Goddard, S., Al-Oufi, H., and McIlwain, J. eds. Proc. 1st International Conference on Fisheries, Aquaculture and Environment in the NW Indian Ocean, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman.</em> pp 37-43. [details] Available for editors
[request]additional source van der Land, J. (ed). (2008). UNESCO-IOC Register of Marine Organisms (URMO). , available online at http://www.marinespecies.org/urmo/ [details]
Present Present in aphia/obis/gbif/idigbio Inaccurate Introduced: alien Containing type locality
From editor or global species database
Genetic nomenclature abbreviation Phnigr [details]From regional or thematic species database
Introduced species abundance in Hawaiian part of the North Pacific Ocean (Marine Region) : Rare [details]Introduced species impact in Greece (Nation) : Human health [details]
Introduced species impact in Greek part of the Mediterranean Sea - Eastern Basin (Marine Region) : Other impact - undefined or uncertain [details]
Introduced species impact in Israel (Nation) : Outcompetes native species for resources and/or space [details]
Introduced species vector dispersal in Greek part of the Aegean Sea (Marine Region) : Shipping [details]
Introduced species vector dispersal in Israel (Nation) : Canals: natural range expansion through man-made canals
Phallusia nigra probably entered the Mediterranean from the Red Sea, through fouling on ships traversing the Suez Canal. [details]
Introduced species vector dispersal in Mediterranean Sea - Eastern Basin (IHO Sea Area) : Canals: natural range expansion through man-made canals
Phallusia nigra probably entered the Mediterranean from the Red Sea, through fouling on ships traversing the Suez Canal. [details]
Introduced species vector dispersal in Greek part of the Mediterranean Sea - Eastern Basin (Marine Region) : Ships: accidental as attached or free-living fouling organisms [details]
Introduced species vector dispersal in Israeli part of the Mediterranean Sea - Eastern Basin (Marine Region) : Ships : General [details]
To Barcode of Life (from synonym Ascidia nigra (Savigny, 1816))
To Barcode of Life (27 barcodes)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (14 publications) (from synonym Tunica nigra (Savigny, 1816))
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (43 publications) (from synonym Ascidia nigra (Savigny, 1816))
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (46 publications)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (56 publications) (from synonym Ascidia atra Lesueur, 1823)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (6 publications) (from synonym Ascidia somaliensis Sluiter, 1905)
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Phallusia nigra)
To GenBank (35 nucleotides; 25 proteins) (from synonym Ascidia nigra (Savigny, 1816))
To GenBank (35 nucleotides; 25 proteins)
To Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)
To PESI
To USNM Invertebrate Zoology Chordata Collection (2 records)
To USNM Invertebrate Zoology Chordata Collection (58 records) (from synonym Ascidia nigra (Savigny, 1816))
To ITIS
To Barcode of Life (27 barcodes)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (14 publications) (from synonym Tunica nigra (Savigny, 1816))
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (43 publications) (from synonym Ascidia nigra (Savigny, 1816))
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (46 publications)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (56 publications) (from synonym Ascidia atra Lesueur, 1823)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (6 publications) (from synonym Ascidia somaliensis Sluiter, 1905)
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Phallusia nigra)
To GenBank (35 nucleotides; 25 proteins) (from synonym Ascidia nigra (Savigny, 1816))
To GenBank (35 nucleotides; 25 proteins)
To Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)
To PESI
To USNM Invertebrate Zoology Chordata Collection (2 records)
To USNM Invertebrate Zoology Chordata Collection (58 records) (from synonym Ascidia nigra (Savigny, 1816))
To ITIS
