Copepoda taxon details

Calanus Leach, 1816

Calanus finmarchicus, Calanus glacialis and Calanus hyperboreus
Calanus finmarchicus, Calanus glacialis and Calanus hyperboreus

104152  (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:104152)

accepted
Genus
Calanus finmarchicus (Gunnerus, 1770) (type by original designation)
Cetochilus Roussel de Vauzeme, 1834 · unaccepted (synonym)
Daphinia Rafinesque, 1817 · unaccepted (synonym)
Diarthropus Brady, 1918 · unaccepted (synonym)

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  1. Species Calanus aculeatus Brady, 1918
  2. Species Calanus agulhensis De Decker, Kaczmaruk & Marska, 1991
  3. Species Calanus chilensis Brodsky, 1959
  4. Species Calanus euxinus Hulsemann, 1991
  5. Species Calanus finmarchicus (Gunnerus, 1770)
    1. Subspecies Calanus finmarchicus helgolandicus Tanaka, 1956 accepted as Calanus finmarchicus (Gunnerus, 1770)
    2. Subspecies Calanus finmarchicus pontica Karavaev, 1894 accepted as Calanus ponticus Krichagin, 1873
    3. Subspecies Calanus finmarchicus telezkensis Stalberg, 1931 accepted as Calanus finmarchicus (Gunnerus, 1770)
    4. Subspecies Calanus finmarchicus finmarchicus (Gunnerus, 1770) represented as Calanus finmarchicus (Gunnerus, 1770)
  6. Species Calanus glacialis Jaschnov, 1955
  7. Species Calanus helgolandicus (Claus, 1863)
    1. Subspecies Calanus helgolandicus ponticus Jaschnov, 1955
  8. Species Calanus hyperboreus Krøyer, 1838
  9. Species Calanus jashnovi Hulsemann, 1994
  10. Species Calanus marshallae Frost, 1974
  11. Species Calanus melitensis Pintar, 1988
  12. Species Calanus pacificus Brodsky, 1948
    1. Subspecies Calanus pacificus californicus Brodsky, 1965
    2. Subspecies Calanus pacificus japonicus Brodsky, 1959
    3. Subspecies Calanus pacificus oceanicus Brodsky, 1959
  13. Species Calanus placidus Dana, 1849-1852
  14. Species Calanus propinquus Brady, 1883
  15. Species Calanus ragusensis Pintar, 1988
  16. Species Calanus simillimus Giesbrecht, 1902
  17. Species Calanus sinicus Brodsky, 1965
  18. Species Calanus torticornis (Brady, 1918)
  19. Subgenus Calanus (Carinocalanus) Brodsky, 1972 accepted as Calanoides Brady, 1883 (synonym)
  20. Species Calanus acutus Giesbrecht, 1902 accepted as Calanoides acutus (Giesbrecht, 1902)
  21. Species Calanus amaenus Dana, 1849-1852 accepted as Undinula vulgaris (Dana, 1849-1852) (listed as synonym by Giesbrecht, 1893, previous spellings as amoenus)
  22. Species Calanus americanus Herrick, 1887 accepted as Neocalanus gracilis (Dana, 1849-1852) (listed as probable synonym by Giesbrecht, 1893)
  23. Species Calanus appressus Dana, 1853-1855 accepted as Cosmocalanus darwinii (Lubbock, 1860) represented as Cosmocalanus darwinii darwinii (Lubbock, 1860) (listed as probable synonym by Giesbrecht, 1893)
  24. Species Calanus arcuicornis Dana, 1849-1852 accepted as Clausocalanus arcuicornis (Dana, 1849-1852) represented as Clausocalanus arcuicornis arcuicornis (Dana, 1849-1852)
  25. Species Calanus arietis Templeton, 1836 accepted as Calanus finmarchicus (Gunnerus, 1770)
  26. Species Calanus attenuatus Dana, 1849-1852 accepted as Eucalanus attenuatus (Dana, 1849-1852) accepted as Pareucalanus attenuatus (Dana, 1849-1852)
  27. Species Calanus bellus Dana, 1849-1852 accepted as Calanus vulgaris (Dana, 1849-1852) accepted as Undinula vulgaris (Dana, 1849-1852)
  28. Species Calanus borealis Lubbock, 1854 accepted as Calanus finmarchicus (Gunnerus, 1770)
  29. Species Calanus brevicornis Lubbock, 1856 accepted as Calanoides brevicornis (Lubbock, 1856)
  30. Species Calanus carinatus Krøyer, 1849 accepted as Calanoides carinatus (Krøyer, 1849)
  31. Species Calanus caroli Giesbrecht, 1888 accepted as Cosmocalanus caroli (Giesbrecht, 1888) (basionym)
  32. Species Calanus clausii Brady, 1865 accepted as Pseudocalanus elongatus (Brady, 1865)
  33. Species Calanus communis Dana, 1853-1855 accepted as Undinula vulgaris (Dana, 1849-1852) (listed as synonym by Giesbrecht, 1893)
  34. Species Calanus cornutus Dana, 1849-1852 accepted as Rhincalanus cornutus (Dana, 1849-1852) represented as Rhincalanus cornutus cornutus (Dana, 1849-1852)
  35. Species Calanus cristatus Krøyer, 1849 accepted as Neocalanus cristatus (Krøyer, 1848)
  36. Species Calanus darwinii (Lubbock, 1860) accepted as Cosmocalanus darwinii (Lubbock, 1860) represented as Cosmocalanus darwinii darwinii (Lubbock, 1860)
  37. Species Calanus dorsalis (Rafinesque, 1817) accepted as Calanus finmarchicus (Gunnerus, 1770)
  38. Species Calanus elegans Lubbock, 1854 accepted as Calanus finmarchicus (Gunnerus, 1770)
  39. Species Calanus elongatus Dana, 1849-1852 accepted as Eucalanus elongatus (Dana, 1849-1852) represented as Eucalanus elongatus elongatus (Dana, 1849-1852
  40. Species Calanus erythrochilus Leuckart, 1859 accepted as Eucalanus elongatus (Dana, 1849-1852) represented as Eucalanus elongatus elongatus (Dana, 1849-1852
  41. Species Calanus euchaeta Lubbock, 1857 accepted as Acartia longiremis (Lilljeborg, 1853) represented as Acartia (Acartiura) longiremis (Lilljeborg, 1853)
  42. Species Calanus frontatus Dahl, 1894 accepted as Calanoides carinatus (Krøyer, 1849)
  43. Species Calanus gracilis Dana, 1849-1852 accepted as Neocalanus gracilis (Dana, 1849-1852)
  44. Species Calanus latus Lubbock, 1856 accepted as Euchaeta pulchra Brady, 1883 accepted as Undeuchaeta plumosa (Lubbock, 1856)
  45. Species Calanus lighti Bowman, 1955 accepted as Mesocalanus lighti (Bowman, 1955)
  46. Species Calanus longiremis (Claus, 1863) accepted as Neocalanus gracilis (Dana, 1849-1852) (listed as synonym by Giesbrecht, 1893)
  47. Species Calanus longus Lubbock, 1854 accepted as Metridia longa (Lubbock, 1854)
  48. Species Calanus macrocarinatus Brodsky, 1972 accepted as Calanoides macrocarinatus (Brodsky, 1967) accepted as Calanoides brevicornis (Lubbock, 1856)
  49. Species Calanus magnus Lubbock, 1854 accepted as Calanus hyperboreus Krøyer, 1838
  50. Species Calanus mastigophorus Claus, 1863 accepted as Clausocalanus mastigophorus (Claus, 1863)
  51. Species Calanus minor (Claus, 1863) accepted as Nannocalanus minor (Claus, 1863)
  52. Species Calanus minutus Krøyer, 1845 accepted as Pseudocalanus minutus (Krøyer, 1845)
  53. Species Calanus mirabilis Lubbock, 1856 accepted as Eucalanus attenuatus (Dana, 1849-1852) accepted as Pareucalanus attenuatus (Dana, 1849-1852)
  54. Species Calanus mundus Dana, 1849-1852 accepted as Calanus finmarchicus (Gunnerus, 1770) (Giesbrecht, 1893:89)
  55. Species Calanus nataliensis (Brady, 1914) accepted as Calanoides natalensis (Brady, 1914) accepted as Calanoides natalis Brady, 1914 (misspelling)
  56. Species Calanus orientalis Marukawa, 1908 accepted as Undinula vulgaris (Dana, 1849-1852) (believed to be a deformed specimen of U. vulgaris)
  57. Species Calanus orientalis Jaschnov, 1974 (unaccepted > nomen nudum, preoccupied name Calanus orientalis Marukawa, 1908)
  58. Species Calanus parvus Claus, 1863 accepted as Paracalanus parvus (Claus, 1863) represented as Paracalanus parvus parvus (Claus, 1863) (basionym)
  59. Species Calanus patagoniensis (Brady, 1883) accepted as Calanoides patagoniensis Brady, 1883
  60. Species Calanus pauper Giesbrecht, 1888 accepted as Canthocalanus pauper (Giesbrecht, 1888)
  61. Species Calanus pavo Dana, 1849-1852 accepted as Calocalanus pavo (Dana, 1849-1852)
  62. Species Calanus perspicax Dana, 1853-1855 accepted as Calanus finmarchicus (Gunnerus, 1770)
  63. Species Calanus plumchrus Marukawa, 1921 accepted as Neocalanus plumchrus (Marukawa, 1921)
  64. Species Calanus plumosus Lubbock, 1854 accepted as Calanus hyperboreus Krøyer, 1838
  65. Species Calanus plumulosus Claus, 1863 accepted as Calocalanus plumulosus (Claus, 1863)
  66. Species Calanus ponticus Karavaev, 1894 accepted as Calanus euxinus Hulsemann, 1991 (homonymy - see Hulsemann, 1991)
  67. Species Calanus ponticus Krichagin, 1873 (unaccepted > nomen nudum)
  68. Species Calanus princeps Brady, 1883 accepted as Elenacalanus princeps (Brady, 1883)
  69. Species Calanus pygmaeus Claus, 1863 accepted as Paracalanus pygmaeus (Claus, 1863)
  70. Species Calanus quinqueannulatus Krøyer, 1842 accepted as Calanus finmarchicus (Gunnerus, 1770)
  71. Species Calanus ramosus Mori, 1929 accepted as Calanus darwinii (Lubbock, 1860) accepted as Cosmocalanus darwinii (Lubbock, 1860) represented as Cosmocalanus darwinii darwinii (Lubbock, 1860) (Mori, 1932 called it an abnormal C. darwinii)
  72. Species Calanus recticornis Dana, 1849-1852 accepted as Calanus finmarchicus (Gunnerus, 1770) (Giesbrecht, 1893:89)
  73. Species Calanus robustior Giesbrecht, 1888 accepted as Neocalanus robustior (Giesbrecht, 1888)
  74. Species Calanus rostrifrons Dana, 1849-1852 accepted as Rhincalanus rostrifrons (Dana, 1849-1852) (placed in wrong genus name)
  75. Species Calanus sanguineus Dana, 1849-1852 accepted as Calanus finmarchicus (Gunnerus, 1770)
    1. Subspecies Calanus sanguineus perspicax Dana, 1852-1853 accepted as Calanus finmarchicus (Gunnerus, 1770)
  76. Species Calanus scutellatus Dana, 1849-1852 accepted as Temora discaudata Giesbrecht, 1889
  77. Species Calanus septentrionalis (Goodsir, 1843) accepted as Calanus finmarchicus (Gunnerus, 1770)
  78. Species Calanus spitzbergensis Krøyer, 1843 accepted as Calanus finmarchicus (Gunnerus, 1770)
  79. Species Calanus stylifer Dana, 1849-1852 accepted as Temora stylifera (Dana, 1853-1855)
  80. Species Calanus syunpuensis Kurasige, 1933 accepted as Calanus helgolandicus (Claus, 1863) (an immature of Calanus helgolandicus)
  81. Species Calanus tenuicornis Dana, 1849-1852 accepted as Mesocalanus tenuicornis (Dana, 1849-1852)
  82. Species Calanus tonsus Brady, 1883 accepted as Neocalanus tonsus (Brady, 1883)
    1. Subspecies Calanus tonsus plumchrus Fulton, 1968 accepted as Calanus plumchrus Marukawa, 1921 accepted as Neocalanus plumchrus (Marukawa, 1921) (unaccepted > nomen nudum, Fulton 1968 referred to C. t. plumchrus Brodsky 1950)
  83. Species Calanus turbinatus Dana, 1849-1852 accepted as Temora turbinata (Dana, 1849-1852)
  84. Species Calanus valgus Brady, 1883 accepted as Nannocalanus minor (Claus, 1863)
  85. Species Calanus vulgaris (Dana, 1849-1852) accepted as Undinula vulgaris (Dana, 1849-1852)
    1. Subspecies Calanus vulgaris plumosus Wolfenden, 1906 accepted as Undinula vulgaris plumulosus (Wolfenden, 1906) accepted as Calanus vulgaris (Dana, 1849-1852) accepted as Undinula vulgaris (Dana, 1849-1852)
  86. Species Calanus australis Brodsky, 1959 represented as Calanus australis australis Brodsky, 1959
    1. Subspecies Calanus australis atlanticus Brodsky, 1959
    2. Subspecies Calanus australis australis Brodsky, 1959
    3. Subspecies Calanus australis pacificus Brodsky, 1959
  87. Species Calanus affinis Dana, 1849-1852 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum, listed as of uncertain genus by Giesbrecht & Schmeil, 1898)
  88. Species Calanus anglicus Lubbock, 1857 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum, listed as of uncertain genus by Giesbrecht & Schmeil, 1898)
  89. Species Calanus arcticus Lubbock, 1854 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum, listed as of uncertain genus by Giesbrecht & Schmeil, 1898)
  90. Species Calanus caudatus Krøyer, 1848 (uncertain > nomen dubium)
  91. Species Calanus comptus Dana, 1849-1852 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum, listed as of uncertain genus by Giesbrecht & Schmeil, 1898)
  92. Species Calanus crassus Dana, 1849-1852 (uncertain > nomen dubium)
  93. Species Calanus curtus Dana, 1849-1852 (uncertain > nomen dubium, Giesbrecht, 1893:329 believes this is Temora sp.)
  94. Species Calanus danai Lubbock, 1860 (uncertain > nomen dubium, Giesbrecht, 1893:329 believes this is Eucalanus sp.)
  95. Species Calanus flavipes Dana, 1849-1852 (uncertain > nomen dubium, Giesbrecht, 1893:329 believes thi doubtful)
  96. Species Calanus fonsecai Oliveira, 1945 (uncertain > nomen dubium)
  97. Species Calanus furcicaudus Dana, 1849-1852 (uncertain > nomen dubium, Giesbrecht, 1893:329 believes this doubtful)
  98. Species Calanus inauritus Dana, 1849-1852 (uncertain > nomen dubium, Giesbrecht, 1893:329 believes this doubtful)
  99. Species Calanus inconspicuus Lubbock, 1856 (uncertain > nomen dubium, Giesbrecht, 1893:329 believes this doubtful)
  100. Species Calanus levis Dana, 1849-1852 (uncertain > nomen dubium, Giesbrecht, 1893:329 believes this doubtful)
  101. Species Calanus magellanicus Dana, 1849-1852 (uncertain > nomen dubium, Giesbrecht, 1893:329 believes this doubtful)
  102. Species Calanus medius Dana, 1849-1852 (uncertain > nomen dubium, Giesbrecht, 1893:329 believes this doubtful)
  103. Species Calanus nudus Dana, 1849-1852 (uncertain > nomen dubium, Giesbrecht, 1893:329 believes this doubtful)
  104. Species Calanus pellucidus Dana, 1849-1852 (uncertain > nomen dubium, Giesbrecht, 1893:329 believes this doubtful)
  105. Species Calanus penicillatus Lubbock, 1856 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
  106. Species Calanus rotundatus Dana, 1849-1852 (uncertain > nomen dubium, Giesbrecht, 1893:301 believes this doubtful)
  107. Species Calanus setuligerus Dana, 1849-1852 (uncertain > nomen dubium, Giesbrecht, 1893:301 believes this doubtful)
  108. Species Calanus simplicicaudus Dana, 1849-1852 (uncertain > nomen dubium, Giesbrecht, 1893:301 believes this doubtful)
marine, brackish, fresh, terrestrial
Leach, W.E. (1816). Annulosa. <em>In Book Series: Encyclopedia Britannica, vol 1 of 5, supplement to the fourth, fifth and sixth editions.</em> 1(2): 401-453, pls. 20-26. (June1816)., available online at https://digital.nls.uk/encyclopaedia-britannica/archive/193057498 [details] OpenAccess publication
Walter, T.C.; Boxshall, G. (2024). World of Copepods Database. Calanus Leach, 1816. Accessed at: https://www.marinespecies.org/copepoda/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=104152 on 2024-11-21
Date
action
by
2004-12-21 15:54:05Z
created
Boxshall, Geoff
2008-08-06 13:32:15Z
changed
Walter, T. Chad
2015-04-13 18:46:02Z
changed
Walter, T. Chad
2015-09-29 10:46:35Z
changed
Walter, T. Chad
2020-11-02 17:31:24Z
changed
Walter, T. Chad

original description Leach, W.E. (1816). Annulosa. <em>In Book Series: Encyclopedia Britannica, vol 1 of 5, supplement to the fourth, fifth and sixth editions.</em> 1(2): 401-453, pls. 20-26. (June1816)., available online at https://digital.nls.uk/encyclopaedia-britannica/archive/193057498 [details] OpenAccess publication

original description (of Cetochilus Roussel de Vauzeme, 1834) Roussel de Vauzeme, A. (1834). Description de Cétochilus australis, nouveau genre de Crustacé branchiopode. <em>Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Série Zoologie et Biologie Animale, Paris.</em> (2)1:333-338, pl. 9 figs. 1B-9B. [details] OpenAccess publication

original description (of Daphinia Rafinesque, 1817) Rafinesque, C.S. (1817). Synopsis of four new genera and ten new species of Crustacea, found in the United States. <em>The American Monthly Magazine and Critical Review.</em> 2: 41-44. [details] OpenAccess publication

original description (of Diarthropus Brady, 1918) Brady, G.S. (1918). Copepoda. <em>Scientific Reports of the Australian Antarctic Expedition.</em> (C)5(3):1-48, pls. 1-15. (v-1918). [details] OpenAccess publication

basis of record Boxshall, G. (2001). Copepoda (excl. Harpacticoida), <B><I>in</I></B>: Costello, M.J. <i>et al.</i> (Ed.) (2001). <i>European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels,</i> 50: pp. 252-268 (look up in IMIS) [details] 

additional source Brodsky, K.A. (1972). Phylogeny of the fam. Calanidae (Copepoda) on the basis of comparative morphological analysis of its characters. Filogeniya semeistva Calanidae (Copepoda) na osnove sravnitel'no-morfologicheskogo analiza priznakov. <em>In: Geograficheskaya i Sezonnaya Izmenchivost' Morskogo Planktona (Geographical and Seasonal Variability of Marine Planktonic Organisms.). Issledovaniya Fauny Morei (Explorations of the Fauna of the Seas).</em> 12(20):5-110, figs. 1-123, tabs. 1-21. (Russian.). (1975 English translation 127 pp.). [details] Available for editors  PDF available [request]

additional source Brodsky, K.A. (1964). Distribution and some morphological features of the Antarctic species of the genus Calanus (Copepoda). Rasprostranenie i nekotorye morfologicheskie osobennosti Antarkticheskikh vidov roda Calanus (Copepoda). In: Res. Biol. Issled. Sov. Antarkt. Ekped.(1955-1958 gg), 2, Moskva, Akad. Nauk SSSR, Zool. Inst. Issledovaniya Fauny Morei 2(10):189-251, figs. 1-32, tabs. (Russian.) [details] Available for editors  PDF available [request]

additional source Brodsky, K.A. (1967). Types of female genitalia and heterogenity in the genus Calanus (Copepoda). Tipy genitalii samki i geterogennost' roda Calanus (Copepoda). <em>Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR.</em> 176:222-225, figs. 1-2. (Russian, translation in:Dokl. (Proc.) Acad. Sci. USSS, Biol. Sci. Sect. [details] Available for editors  PDF available [request]

additional source Krøyer, H. (1848). Karcinologiste Bidrag (Forsaettelse). <em>Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift Ser. II.</em> 2(5): 527-560. [details] OpenAccess publication

additional source ICES Zooplankton: Copepoda. sheet n° 32. [details] 
 
 Present  Inaccurate  Introduced: alien  Containing type locality 
   

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LanguageName 
Japanese カラヌス属  [details]
3x5 C.B. Wilson Taxonomic Card - Calanus Document hosted within Copepoda 
3x5 C.B. Wilson Taxonomic Card - Cetochilus Document hosted within Copepoda (from synonym Cetochilus Roussel de Vauzeme, 1834)
3x5 C.B. Wilson Taxonomic Card - Daphinia Document hosted within Copepoda (from synonym Daphinia Rafinesque, 1817)
3x5 C.B. Wilson Taxonomic Card - Diarthropus Document hosted within Copepoda (from synonym Diarthropus Brady, 1918)
To Biological Information System for Marine Life (BISMaL) 
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Calanus) 
To Genbank 
To The Arctic Traits Database (4 traits) 
To ITIS
From editor or global species database
Calanus finmarchicus, Calanus glacialis and Calanus hyperboreus
Calanus finmarchicus, Calanus glacialis and Calanus hyperboreus
Image from typetaxon
Calanus finmarchicus and Calanus hyperboreus, low mag, 2,25x
Calanus finmarchicus and Calanus hyperboreus, low mag, 2,25x
Image from typetaxon
Calanus finmarchicus, female, 3,25x
Calanus finmarchicus, female, 3,25x
Image from typetaxon
Calanus finmarchicus, spermatophores, high mag, 8,5x
Calanus finmarchicus, spermatophores, high mag, 8,5x
Image from typetaxon
Calanus finmarchicus
Calanus finmarchicus
Image from typetaxon
Calanus finmarchicus C1
Calanus finmarchicus C1
Image from typetaxon
Gilis (1957, figuur 1.2)
Gilis (1957, figuur 1.2)
Calanus finmarchicus - female
Calanus finmarchicus - female
Image from typetaxon
Calanus finmarchicus from Sars, G.O. 1901
Calanus finmarchicus from Sars, G.O. 1901
Image from typetaxon
Calanus finmarchicus from Sars, G.O. 1901
Calanus finmarchicus from Sars, G.O. 1901
Image from typetaxon
Calanus finmarchicus from Sars, G.O. 1901
Calanus finmarchicus from Sars, G.O. 1901
Image from typetaxon
Calanus finmarchicus
Calanus finmarchicus
Image from typetaxon
Calanus finmarchicus autumn
Calanus finmarchicus autumn
Image from typetaxon
Calanus finmarchicus spring
Calanus finmarchicus spring
Image from typetaxon
Calanus finmarchicus summer
Calanus finmarchicus summer
Image from typetaxon
Calanus finmarchicus winter
Calanus finmarchicus winter
Image from typetaxon

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