WoRMS taxon details

Polydora Bosc, 1802

Bosc original plate 5, Polydora cornuta fig 7 & 8
Bosc original plate 5, Polydora cornuta fig 7 & 8

129619  (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:129619)

  1. Biota
  2. Animalia (Kingdom)
  3. Annelida (Phylum)
  4. Polychaeta (Class)
  5. Sedentaria (Subclass)
  6. Canalipalpata (Infraclass)
  7. Spionida (Order)
  8. Spioniformia (Suborder)
  9. Spionidae (Family)
  10. Polydora (Genus)
accepted
Genus
Polydora cornuta Bosc, 1802 (type by monotypy)
Leucodore Johnston, 1838 · unaccepted (subjective synonym)
Leucodorum [misspelling for Leucodore] · unaccepted (deliberate misspelling)
Metadasydytes Roszczak, 1971 · unaccepted (it's a polychaeta larva)

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  1. Subgenus Polydora (Leucodore)
    1. Species Polydora (Leucodore) polybranchia Haswell, 1885 accepted as Boccardia polybranchia (Haswell, 1885) (superseded original combination)
  2. Subgenus Polydora (Polydora)
    1. Species Polydora (Polydora) caulleryi Mesnil, 1897 accepted as Dipolydora caulleryi (Mesnil, 1897) (superseded combination)
    2. Species Polydora (Polydora) coeca Örsted, 1843 accepted as Dipolydora coeca (Örsted, 1843) (superseded combination)
    3. Species Polydora (Polydora) flava Claparède, 1870 accepted as Dipolydora flava (Claparède, 1870) (superseded alternate representation)
    4. Species Polydora (Polydora) giardi Mesnil, 1893 accepted as Dipolydora giardi (Mesnil, 1893) (superseded original combination with subsequent subgeneric combination)
    5. Species Polydora (Polydora) quadrilobata Jacobi, 1883 accepted as Dipolydora quadrilobata (Jacobi, 1883) (superseded alternate representation)
    6. Species Polydora (Polydora) socialis (Schmarda, 1861) accepted as Dipolydora socialis (Schmarda, 1861) (superseded subsequent combination)
  3. Species Polydora aggregata Blake, 1969
  4. Species Polydora alloporis Light, 1970
  5. Species Polydora anophthalma Rioja, 1962
  6. Species Polydora aura Sato-Okoshi, 1998
  7. Species Polydora bioccipitalis Blake & Woodwick, 1972
  8. Species Polydora brevipalpa Zachs, 1933
  9. Species Polydora calcarea (Templeton, 1836)
  10. Species Polydora carinhosa Radashevsky, Lana & Nalesso, 2006
  11. Species Polydora cavitensis Pillai, 1965
  12. Species Polydora ciliata (Johnston, 1838)
  13. Species Polydora cirrosa Rioja, 1943
  14. Species Polydora colonia Moore, 1907
  15. Species Polydora cornuta Bosc, 1802
  16. Species Polydora curiosa Radashevsky, 1994
  17. Species Polydora dinthwanyana Simon, 2011
  18. Species Polydora ecuadoriana Blake, 1983
  19. Species Polydora fulva Grube, 1878
  20. Species Polydora fusca Radashevsky & Hsieh, 2000
  21. Species Polydora gaikwadi Day, 1973
  22. Species Polydora glycymerica Radashevsky, 1993
  23. Species Polydora haswelli Blake & Kudenov, 1978
  24. Species Polydora hermaphroditica Hannerz, 1956
  25. Species Polydora heterochaeta Rioja, 1939
  26. Species Polydora hoplura Claparède, 1868
  27. Species Polydora hornelli Willey, 1905
  28. Species Polydora kaneohe Ward, 1981
  29. Species Polydora laticephala Hartmann-Schröder, 1959
  30. Species Polydora latispinosa Blake & Kudenov, 1978
  31. Species Polydora limicola Annenkova, 1934
  32. Species Polydora lingshuiensis Ye, Tang, Wu, Su, Wang, Yu & Wang, 2015
  33. Species Polydora lingulicola Abe & Sato-Okoshi, 2020
  34. Species Polydora mabinii Williams, 2001
  35. Species Polydora maculata Day, 1963
  36. Species Polydora magna Berkeley, 1927
  37. Species Polydora manchenkoi Radashevsky & Pankova, 2006
  38. Species Polydora mohammadi Radashevsky, Al-Kandari, Malyar & Pankova, 2024
  39. Species Polydora nanomon Orensky & Williams, 2009
  40. Species Polydora narica Light, 1969
  41. Species Polydora neocaeca Williams & Radashevsky, 1999
  42. Species Polydora neocardalia Hartman, 1961
  43. Species Polydora nuchalis Woodwick, 1953
  44. Species Polydora onagawaensis Teramoto, Sato-Okoshi, Abe, Nishitani & Endo, 2013
  45. Species Polydora pacifica Takahashi, 1937
  46. Species Polydora paucibranchis Ehlers, 1913
  47. Species Polydora penicillata Hutchings & Rainer, 1979
  48. Species Polydora plena Berkeley & Berkeley, 1936
  49. Species Polydora posthamata Jones, 1962
  50. Species Polydora punctata Hartmann-Schröder, 1959
  51. Species Polydora pygidialis Blake & Woodwick, 1972
  52. Species Polydora quintanarooensis Delgado-Blas, 2008
  53. Species Polydora rickettsi Woodwick, 1961
  54. Species Polydora robi Williams, 2000
  55. Species Polydora spondylana Mohammad, 1973
  56. Species Polydora spongicola Berkeley & Berkeley, 1950
  57. Species Polydora triglanda Radashevsky & Hsieh, 2000
  58. Species Polydora tunicola Abe, Hoshino & Yamada in Abe, Hoshino, Yamada, Ogino, Kawaida & Sato-Okoshi, 2022
  59. Species Polydora umangivora Williams, 2001
  60. Species Polydora variegata Imajima & Sato, 1984
  61. Species Polydora villosa Radashevsky & Hsieh, 2000
  62. Species Polydora vulgaris Mohammad, 1972
  63. Species Polydora websteri Hartman in Loosanoff & Engle, 1943
  64. Species Polydora wobberi Light, 1970
  65. Species Polydora wolokowensis Zachs, 1925
  66. Species Polydora woodwicki Blake & Kudenov, 1978
  67. Subgenus Polydora (Carazzia) Mesnil, 1896 accepted as Pseudopolydora Czerniavsky, 1881 (subjective synonym)
    1. Species Polydora (Carazzia) bassarginensis Zachs, 1933 accepted as Pseudopolydora bassarginensis (Zachs, 1933) (superseded original combination)
    2. Species Polydora (Carazzia) derjugini Zachs, 1933 accepted as Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata (Okuda, 1937) (subjective synonym)
    3. Species Polydora (Carazzia) kempi Southern, 1921 accepted as Pseudopolydora kempi (Southern, 1921) (superseded original combination)
    4. Species Polydora (Carazzia) orientalis Annenkova, 1937 accepted as Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata (Okuda, 1937) (subjective synonym)
    5. Species Polydora (Carazzia) paucibranchiata Okuda, 1937 accepted as Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata (Okuda, 1937) (superseded original combination)
  68. Subgenus Polydora (Pseudopolydora) accepted as Pseudopolydora Czerniavsky, 1881 (synonym)
    1. Species Polydora (Pseudopolydora) antennata Claparède, 1868 accepted as Pseudopolydora antennata (Claparède, 1868) (alternate representation of superseded original combination, with subgeneric assignation)
    2. Species Polydora (Pseudopolydora) paucibranchiata Okuda, 1937 accepted as Pseudopolydora paucibranchiata (Okuda, 1937) (superseded subsequent combination)
    3. Species Polydora (Pseudopolydora) pulchra (Carazzi, 1893) accepted as Pseudopolydora pulchra (Carazzi, 1893) (superseded recombination)
  69. Species Polydora abranchiata Hartman, 1953 accepted as Amphipolydora abranchiata (Hartman, 1953) (superseded original combination)
  70. Species Polydora aciculata Blake & Kudenov, 1978 accepted as Dipolydora aciculata (Blake & Kudenov, 1978) (superseded original combination)
  71. Species Polydora adunca Harris, 1971 accepted as Polydora posthamata Jones, 1962 (subjective synonym)
  72. Species Polydora agassizii Claparède, 1868 accepted as Polydora ciliata (Johnston, 1838) (subjective synonym)
  73. Species Polydora alborectalis Radashevsky, 1993 accepted as Dipolydora alborectalis (Radashevsky, 1993) (superseded original combination)
  74. Species Polydora amarincola Hartman, 1936 accepted as Polydora cornuta Bosc, 1802 (subjective synonym)
  75. Species Polydora ancistrata Jones, 1962 accepted as Polydora colonia Moore, 1907 (subjective synonym)
  76. Species Polydora anoculata Moore, 1907 accepted as Dipolydora anoculata Moore, 1907 (unaccepted > superseded combination, superseded original combination)
  77. Species Polydora antennata Claparède, 1868 accepted as Pseudopolydora antennata (Claparède, 1868) (superseded original combination)
  78. Species Polydora antonbruunae Blake, 1983 accepted as Dipolydora antonbruunae (Blake, 1983) (superseded original combination)
  79. Species Polydora armata Langerhans, 1880 accepted as Dipolydora armata (Langerhans, 1880) (superseded original combination)
  80. Species Polydora attenuate [misspelling in Zoo Record] accepted as Polydora antennata Claparède, 1868 accepted as Pseudopolydora antennata (Claparède, 1868) (unaccepted > misspelling - incorrect subsequent spelling, No such taxon, misspelling in Zoological Record, perhaps error for P. antennata)
  81. Species Polydora audax Quatrefages, 1866 accepted as Polydora ciliata (Johnston, 1838) (subjective synonym)
  82. Species Polydora barbilla Blake, 1981 accepted as Dipolydora barbilla (Blake, 1981) (superseded original combination)
  83. Species Polydora bidentata Zachs, 1933 accepted as Dipolydora bidentata (Zachs, 1933) (superseded combination)
  84. Species Polydora biforans Gripp, 1967 † accepted as Caulostrepsis biforans (Gripp, 1967) † (superseded original combination)
  85. Species Polydora bifurcata Blake, 1981 accepted as Dipolydora bifurcata (Blake, 1981) (superseded original combination)
  86. Species Polydora blakei Maciolek, 1984 accepted as Dipolydora blakei (Maciolek, 1984) (superseded original combination)
  87. Species Polydora brachycephala Hartman, 1936 accepted as Dipolydora caulleryi (Mesnil, 1897) (subjective synonym)
  88. Species Polydora caeca (Örsted, 1843) accepted as Dipolydora coeca (Örsted, 1843) (superseded combination, alternative spelling)
  89. Species Polydora capensis Day, 1955 accepted as Dipolydora capensis (Day, 1955) (superseded original combination)
  90. Species Polydora carazzi McIntosh, 1909 accepted as Dipolydora caulleryi (Mesnil, 1897) (subjective synonym)
  91. Species Polydora cardalia Berkeley, 1927 accepted as Dipolydora cardalia (Berkeley, 1927) (superseded original combination)
  92. Species Polydora carunculata Radashevsky, 1993 accepted as Dipolydora carunculata (Radashevsky, 1993) (superseded original combination)
  93. Species Polydora caulleryi Mesnil, 1897 accepted as Dipolydora caulleryi (Mesnil, 1897) (superseded original combination)
  94. Species Polydora ciliate [auct. misspelling for 'ciliata'] accepted as Polydora ciliata (Johnston, 1838)
  95. Species Polydora citrona Hartman, 1941 accepted as Carazziella citrona (Hartman, 1941) (superseded original combination)
  96. Species Polydora commensalis Andrews, 1891 accepted as Dipolydora commensalis (Andrews, 1891) (superseded original combination)
  97. Species Polydora concharum Verrill, 1879 accepted as Dipolydora concharum (Verrill, 1879) (superseded original combination)
  98. Species Polydora convexa Blake & Woodwick, 1972 accepted as Dipolydora convexa (Blake & Woodwick, 1972) (unaccepted > superseded combination, superseded original combination)
  99. Species Polydora dorsomaculata Rainer, 1973 accepted as Dipolydora flava (Claparède, 1870) (subjective synonym)
  100. Species Polydora elegantissima Blake & Woodwick, 1972 accepted as Dipolydora elegantissima (Blake & Woodwick, 1972) (superseded original combination)
  101. Species Polydora euryhalina Hartmann-Schröder, 1960 accepted as Boccardia polybranchia (Haswell, 1885) (subjective synonym)
  102. Species Polydora flava Claparède, 1870 accepted as Dipolydora flava (Claparède, 1870) (superseded original combination)
  103. Species Polydora giardi Mesnil, 1893 accepted as Dipolydora giardi (Mesnil, 1893) (superseded original combination)
  104. Species Polydora goreensis Augener, 1918 accepted as Dipolydora goreensis (Augener, 1918) (superseded original combination)
  105. Species Polydora guillei Laubier & Ramos, 1974 accepted as Atherospio guillei (Laubier & Ramos, 1974) (superseded original combination)
  106. Species Polydora hamata Webster, 1879 accepted as Boccardiella hamata (Webster, 1879) (superseded original combination)
  107. Species Polydora hamata Langerhans, 1880 accepted as Polydora posthamata Jones, 1962 (homonym; replacement name provided)
  108. Species Polydora hartmanae Blake, 1971 accepted as Dipolydora hartmanae (Blake, 1971) (superseded original combination)
  109. Species Polydora kempi Southern, 1921 accepted as Pseudopolydora kempi (Southern, 1921) (superseded original combination (alternate representation of))
  110. Species Polydora langerhansi Mesnil, 1896 accepted as Dipolydora langerhansi (Mesnil, 1896) (superseded original combination)
  111. Species Polydora ligni Webster, 1879 accepted as Polydora cornuta Bosc, 1802 (subjective synonym)
  112. Species Polydora littorea Verrill, 1881 accepted as Polydora cornuta Bosc, 1802 (subjective synonym, first published as a nomen nudum)
  113. Species Polydora magellanica Blake, 1983 accepted as Dipolydora magellanica (Blake, 1983) (superseded original combination)
  114. Species Polydora monilaris Ehlers, 1904 accepted as Dipolydora armata (Langerhans, 1880) (subjective synonym)
  115. Species Polydora natrix Söderström, 1920 accepted as Boccardia natrix (Söderström, 1920) (superseded original combination)
  116. Species Polydora normalis Day, 1957 accepted as Dipolydora normalis (Day, 1957) (superseded original combination)
  117. Species Polydora notialis Blake & Kudenov, 1978 accepted as Dipolydora notialis (Blake & Kudenov, 1978) (superseded original combination)
  118. Species Polydora peristomialis Hartman, 1976 accepted as Dipolydora peristomialis (Hartman, 1976) (superseded original combination)
  119. Species Polydora pilikia Ward, 1981 accepted as Dipolydora pilikia (Ward, 1981) (superseded original combination)
  120. Species Polydora pilocollaris Blake & Kudenov, 1978 accepted as Dipolydora pilocollaris (Blake & Kudenov, 1978) (superseded original combination)
  121. Species Polydora polybranchia Haswell, 1885 accepted as Boccardia polybranchia (Haswell, 1885) (superseded original combination without subgeneric attribution)
  122. Species Polydora protuberata Blake & Kudenov, 1978 accepted as Dipolydora protuberata (Blake & Kudenov, 1978) (superseded original combination)
  123. Species Polydora pulchra Carazzi, 1893 accepted as Pseudopolydora pulchra (Carazzi, 1893) (superseded original combination)
  124. Species Polydora pusilla Saint-Joseph, 1894 accepted as Dipolydora flava (Claparède, 1870) (subjective synonym)
  125. Species Polydora quadricirrata Rainer, 1973 accepted as Carazziella quadricirrata (Rainer, 1973) (superseded original combination)
  126. Species Polydora quadrilobata Jacobi, 1883 accepted as Dipolydora quadrilobata (Jacobi, 1883) (superseded original combination)
  127. Species Polydora redeki Horst, 1920 accepted as Boccardiella ligerica (Ferronnière, 1898) (subjective synonym)
  128. Species Polydora rogeri Martin, 1996 accepted as Dipolydora armata (Langerhans, 1880) (subjective synonym)
  129. Species Polydora saintjosephi Eliason, 1920 accepted as Dipolydora saintjosephi (Eliason, 1920) (superseded original combination)
  130. Species Polydora socialis (Schmarda, 1861) accepted as Dipolydora socialis (Schmarda, 1861) (recombination)
  131. Species Polydora soederstroemi Annenkova, 1938 accepted as Dipolydora cardalia (Berkeley, 1927) (subjective synonym)
  132. Species Polydora tentaculata Blake & Kudenov, 1978 accepted as Dipolydora tentaculata (Blake & Kudenov, 1978) (superseded original combination)
  133. Species Polydora tetrabranchia Hartman, 1945 accepted as Dipolydora tetrabranchia (Hartman, 1945) (superseded original combination)
  134. Species Polydora tricuspa Hartman, 1939 accepted as Boccardia tricuspa (Hartman, 1939) (superseded original combination)
  135. Species Polydora tridenticulata Woodwick, 1964 accepted as Dipolydora tridenticulata (Woodwick, 1964) (superseded original combination)
  136. Species Polydora trilobata Radashevsky, 1993 accepted as Dipolydora giardi (Mesnil, 1893) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
  137. Species Polydora truncata (Hartman, 1936) accepted as Boccardiella truncata (Hartman, 1936) (superseded recombination; lapsus calami in Hartman (1936))
  138. Species Polydora tubifex Verrill, 1885 accepted as Dipolydora quadrilobata (Jacobi, 1883) (subjective synonym)
  139. Species Polydora uncatiformis Monro, 1938 accepted as Boccardiella ligerica (Ferronnière, 1898) (subjective synonym)
  140. Species Polydora uncinata Sato-Okoshi, 1998 accepted as Polydora hoplura Claparède, 1868 (subjective synonym)
  141. Species Polydora uschakovi Buzhinskaja, 1971 accepted as Polydora spongicola Berkeley & Berkeley, 1950 (subjective synonym)
  142. Species Polydora vulcanica Radashevsky, 1994 accepted as Dipolydora vulcanica (Radashevsky, 1994) (superseded original combination)
  143. Subgenus Polydora (Boccardia) Carazzi, 1893 represented as Boccardia Carazzi, 1893
    1. Species Polydora (Boccardia) columbiana (Berkeley, 1927) accepted as Boccardia columbiana Berkeley, 1927 (superseded recombination)
    2. Species Polydora (Boccardia) ligerica (Ferronnière, 1898) accepted as Boccardiella ligerica (Ferronnière, 1898) (superseded recombination)
    3. Species Polydora (Boccardia) natrix Söderström, 1920 accepted as Boccardia natrix (Söderström, 1920) (superseded subgeneric recombination)
    4. Species Polydora (Boccardia) perata Chlebovitsch, 1959 accepted as Boccardia perata (Chlebovitsch, 1959) (superseded original combination)
    5. Species Polydora (Boccardia) polybranchia Haswell, 1885 accepted as Boccardia polybranchia (Haswell, 1885) (superseded subgeneric recombination)
    6. Species Polydora (Boccardia) proboscidea (Hartman, 1940) accepted as Boccardia proboscidea Hartman, 1940 (superseded recombination)
    7. Species Polydora (Boccardia) redeki Horst, 1920 accepted as Boccardiella ligerica (Ferronnière, 1898) (alternate subgeneric representation of subjective synonym)
    8. Species Polydora (Boccardia) uncata (Berkeley, 1927) accepted as Boccardiella hamata (Webster, 1879) (superseded recombination of junior synonym)
  144. Subgenus Polydora (Boccardiella) (Blake & Kudenov, 1978) represented as Boccardiella Blake & Kudenov, 1978
    1. Species Polydora (Boccardiella) ligerica (Ferronnière, 1898) accepted as Boccardiella ligerica (Ferronnière, 1898) (superseded combination)
  145. Species Polydora caeca Webster, 1879 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum, secondary homonym of unresolved status as replacement name 'websteri' removed by ICZN Opinion 1974)
  146. Species Polydora californica Treadwell, 1914 (uncertain > nomen dubium)
  147. Species Polydora gracilis Verrill, 1879 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum, indeterminable from description)
marine, brackish, fresh, terrestrial
recent only
feminine
Bosc, L.A.G. (1802). Histoire Naturelle des Vers : contenant leur description et leurs moeurs, avec figures dessinées d'après nature. <em>Guilleminet, Paris, chez Deterville.</em> 3 vols. 324 pp. + pls. 1-10; 300 pp. + pls. 11-25; 270 pp. + pls. 26-32. 1-324., available online at http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/41758184
page(s): 150-151 [details] OpenAccess publication
Etymology The genus is named after Polydora, one of the Oceanides of the Ancient Greek mythology, minor goddesses and water nymphs of...  
Etymology The genus is named after Polydora, one of the Oceanides of the Ancient Greek mythology, minor goddesses and water nymphs of rivers, fountains, subterranean springs, wells, lakes, clouds, winds, breezes, sunsets and sunrises, and daughters of the gods Oceanus and his wife Tethys. According to Bosc (1802: 151) ''Il [Bosc himself] l'a appelé [the genus] Polydore, nom d'une nymphe de la mer de la suite de Nérée.'' Bosc was mistaken as references place the mythological Polydora as an Oceanid (the multiple daughers of Oceanus), & not one of the Nereid nymphs (the multiple daughters of Nereus), but nevertheless the Polydora name derives from a mythological lady in Greek culture. [details]

Homonymy Polydora Bosc, 1802 is unaffected by its junior homonyms.
Polydora Fenzl, 1844 of southern Africa is a junior hemihomonym,...  
Homonymy Polydora Bosc, 1802 is unaffected by its junior homonyms.
Polydora Fenzl, 1844 of southern Africa is a junior hemihomonym, in Plantae, Vernonieae (Asteraceae), and in Animalia Polydora Oken 1816 (Hirudinea) and Polydora Gistl 1834 (Coleoptera) are also junior names. Polydora Oken is a rejected name for nomenclature, replaced by the junior synonym Ozobranchus Quatrefages, 1852 [details]
Read, G.; Fauchald, K. (Ed.) (2024). World Polychaeta Database. Polydora Bosc, 1802. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=129619 on 2024-11-21
Date
action
by
2004-12-21 15:54:05Z
created
Bellan, Gérard
2008-03-26 11:36:43Z
changed
Fauchald, Kristian
2016-03-30 22:28:39Z
changed
Gil, João
2022-07-22 04:22:24Z
changed
Read, Geoffrey

Creative Commons License The webpage text is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License


original description Bosc, L.A.G. (1802). Histoire Naturelle des Vers : contenant leur description et leurs moeurs, avec figures dessinées d'après nature. <em>Guilleminet, Paris, chez Deterville.</em> 3 vols. 324 pp. + pls. 1-10; 300 pp. + pls. 11-25; 270 pp. + pls. 26-32. 1-324., available online at http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/41758184
page(s): 150-151 [details] OpenAccess publication

original description (of Metadasydytes Roszczak, 1971) Roszczak, R. (1971). Metadasydytes quadrimaculatus g. n., sp. n. (Gastrotricha). <em>Bull. Acad. Polonaise Sci. (Biol. Sci.).</em> 19: 65-66. [details] 

original description (of Leucodore Johnston, 1838) Johnston, George. (1838). Miscellanea Zoologica. III. — The British Ariciadae. <em>Magazine of Zoology and Botany, Edinburgh.</em> 2: 63-73, plates II-III., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40025966
page(s): 66 [details] 

original description (of Leucodorum [misspelling for Leucodore]) Johnston, George. (1838). Miscellanea Zoologica. III. — The British Ariciadae. <em>Magazine of Zoology and Botany, Edinburgh.</em> 2: 63-73, plates II-III., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40025966
page(s): 67; note: as Leucodore ciliatus [details] 

additional source Çaglar, Melahat. (1954). Mytilus galloprovincialis kabuklarında yasayan oyucu bir Polydora türü [A burrowing species of Polydora that lives in Mytilus galloprovincialis shells]. <em>İstanbul Üniversitesi Hydrobiyoloji Enstitüsü Dergisi.</em> (Seri A) 2: 67-73.
note: The only Polydora species mentioned is Polydora ciliata, likely to be a misidentification here. [details] Available for editors  PDF available [request]

additional source Fauchald, K. (1977). The polychaete worms, definitions and keys to the orders, families and genera. <em>Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County: Los Angeles, CA (USA), Science Series.</em> 28:1-188., available online at http://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/123110.pdf [details] 

additional source Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). , available online at http://www.itis.gov [details] 

additional source Bellan, G. (2001). Polychaeta, <i>in</i>: Costello, M.J. <i>et al.</i> (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. <em>Collection Patrimoines Naturels.</em> 50: 214-231. (look up in IMIS)
note: checklist listing [details] 

additional source Brunel, P., L. Bosse & G. Lamarche. (1998). Catalogue of the marine invertebrates of the estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence. <em>Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 126.</em> 405 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors  PDF available [request]

additional source Day, J. H. (1967). [Sedentaria] A monograph on the Polychaeta of Southern Africa. Part 2. Sedentaria. British Museum (Natural History), London. pp. 459–842., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/8596 [details] 

additional source Walker, Lexie M. (2011). A review of the current status of the Polydora-complex (Polychaeta: Spionidae) in Australia and a checklist of recorded species. <em>Zootaxa.</em> 2751: 40-62., available online at http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2011/f/z02751p062f.pdf [details] Available for editors  PDF available [request]

identification resource Williams, Lee-Gavin; Karl, Stephen A.; Rice, Stanley; Simon, Carol. (2017). Molecular identification of polydorid polychaetes (Annelida: Spionidae): is there a quick way to identify pest and alien species?. <em>African Zoology.</em> 52(2): 105-117., available online at http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15627020.2017.1313131
note: analysis of primers and molecular sequences for identifying similar pest Polydora and other genera [details] 
 
 Present  Inaccurate  Introduced: alien  Containing type locality 
   

From editor or global species database
Diagnosis Original diagnosis by Bosc (1802: 150): "Corps alongé, articulé, à anneaux nombreux, garnis de chaque côté d'une rangée de houppes de soie, et de mamelons rétractiles, qui portent les branchies à leur base postérieure. Queue articulée, nue, terminée par une ventouse prenante. Un trou simple, entre deux membranes, pour bouche." [details]

Diagnosis Diagnosis by Blake & Maciolek (1987: 12): "Prostomium entire or incised on anterior margin, extending posteriorly as caruncle; occipital tentacle present or absent; eyes present or absent. Setiger 1 with or without notosetae. Setiger 5 modified, with major spines of 1 type, usually accompanied by slender companion setae; spines arranged in a curved row; dorsal and ventral capillaries present or absent. Posterior notopodial spines present or absent. Neuropodial hooded hooks bidentate, from setiger 6-17 and following setigers; with conspicuous angle between teeth, apical tooth reduced or lost in posterior setigers of some species; with or without constriction or manubrium on shaft. Branchiae beginning posterior to setiger 5. Pygidium reduced or enlarged, cufflike, saucerlike, or divided into lobes." [details]

Etymology The genus is named after Polydora, one of the Oceanides of the Ancient Greek mythology, minor goddesses and water nymphs of rivers, fountains, subterranean springs, wells, lakes, clouds, winds, breezes, sunsets and sunrises, and daughters of the gods Oceanus and his wife Tethys. According to Bosc (1802: 151) ''Il [Bosc himself] l'a appelé [the genus] Polydore, nom d'une nymphe de la mer de la suite de Nérée.'' Bosc was mistaken as references place the mythological Polydora as an Oceanid (the multiple daughers of Oceanus), & not one of the Nereid nymphs (the multiple daughters of Nereus), but nevertheless the Polydora name derives from a mythological lady in Greek culture. [details]

Grammatical gender Feminine. Bosc named Polydora for a water nymph of Greek mythology. [details]

Homonymy Polydora Bosc, 1802 is unaffected by its junior homonyms.
Polydora Fenzl, 1844 of southern Africa is a junior hemihomonym, in Plantae, Vernonieae (Asteraceae), and in Animalia Polydora Oken 1816 (Hirudinea) and Polydora Gistl 1834 (Coleoptera) are also junior names. Polydora Oken is a rejected name for nomenclature, replaced by the junior synonym Ozobranchus Quatrefages, 1852 [details]

Synonymy The planktonic larva, Metadasydytes quadrimaculatus Roszczak, 1971, a genus and species described as a gastrotrich, is clearly a spionid larva. Hummon (2008: 115) refers it to Polydora ciliata, but notes the identification to that species is not certain. [details]
    Definitions

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To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Polydora) 
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Polydora) 
To The Arctic Traits Database (10 traits) 
From editor or global species database
Bosc original plate 5, Polydora cornuta fig 7 & 8
Bosc original plate 5, Polydora cornuta fig 7 & 8
Image from typetaxon

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