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Sitjà, C.; Maldonado, M. (2014). New and rare sponges from the deep shelf of the Alboran Island (Alboran Sea, Western Mediterranean). Zootaxa. 3760: 141–179.
172970
Sitjà, C.; Maldonado, M.
2014
New and rare sponges from the deep shelf of the Alboran Island (Alboran Sea, Western Mediterranean).
Zootaxa
3760: 141–179
Publication
Available for editors [request]
The sponge fauna from the deep shelf (70 to 200 m) of the Alboran Island (Alboran Sea, Western Mediterranean) was investigated using a combination of ROV surveys and collecting devices in the frame of the EC LIFE+ INDEMARES Grant aimed to designate marine areas of the Nature 2000 Network within Spanish territorial waters. From ROV surveys and 351 examined specimens, a total of 87 sponge species were identified, most belonging in the Class Demospongiae, and one belonging in the Class Hexactinellida. Twenty six (29%) species can be regarded as either taxonomically or faunistically relevant. Three of them were new to science (Axinella alborana nov. sp.; Axinella spatula nov. sp.; Endectyon filiformis nov. sp.) and 4 others were Atlantic species recorded for the first time in the Mediterranean Sea (Jaspis eudermis Lévi & Vacelet, 1958; Hemiasterella elongata Topsent, 1928; Axinella vellerea Topsent, 1904; Gelliodes fayalensis
Topsent, 1892). Another outstanding finding was a complete specimen of Rhabdobaris implicata Pulitzer-Finali, 1983, a species only known from its holotype, which had entirely been dissolved for its description. Our second record of the species has allowed a neotype designation and a restitution of the recently abolished genus Rhabdobaris Pulitzer-Finally, 1983, also forcing a slight modification of the diagnosis of the family Bubaridae. Additionally, 12 species were recorded for the first time from the shelf of the Alboran Island, including a few individuals of the large hexactinellid Asconema setubalense Kent, 1877 that provided the second Mediterranean record of this "North Atlantic" hexactinellid. ROV explorations also revealed that sponges are an important component of the deep-shelf benthos, particularly on rocky bottoms, where they make peculiar sponge gardens characterized by a wide diversity of small, erect species forming a dense "undergrowth" among a scatter of large sponges and gorgonians. The great abundance and the taxonomic singularities of the sponge fauna occurring in these deep-shelf bottoms strongly suggest these habitats to be considered within the environmental protection of the Nature 2000 Network.
Mediterranean
Systematics, Taxonomy
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Asconema setubalense Kent, 1870 (additional source)
Axinella alborana Sitjà & Maldonado, 2014 (original description)
Axinella flustra Topsent, 1892 (taxonomy source)
Axinella infundibuliformis (Linnaeus, 1759) (taxonomy source)
Axinella minuta Lévi, 1957 (additional source)
Axinella pumila Babiç, 1922 accepted as Axinella minuta Lévi, 1957 (taxonomy source)
Axinella spatula Sitjà & Maldonado, 2014 (original description)
Axinella vaceleti Pansini, 1984 (taxonomy source)
Axinella vasonuda Topsent, 1904 (taxonomy source)
Axinella vellerea Topsent, 1904 (taxonomy source)
Calthropella (Corticellopsis) recondita Pulitzer-Finali, 1972 (additional source)
Desmacella annexa Schmidt, 1870 (additional source)
Desmacella inornata (Bowerbank, 1866) (additional source)
Dragmatella aberrans (Topsent, 1890) (additional source)
Endectyon (Hemectyon) filiformis Sitjà & Maldonado, 2014 accepted as Endectyon (Hemectyon) filiforme Sitja & Maldonado, 2014 (original description)
Gelliodes fayalensis Topsent, 1892 (additional source)
Hamacantha (Vomerula) falcula (Bowerbank, 1874) (additional source)
Hemiasterella elongata Topsent, 1928 (basis of record)
Jaspis eudermis Lévi & Vacelet, 1958 (additional source)
Rhabdobaris Pulitzer-Finali, 1983 (redescription)
Rhabdobaris implicata Pulitzer-Finali, 1983 (redescription)
Axinella alborana Sitjà & Maldonado, 2014 (original description)
Axinella flustra Topsent, 1892 (taxonomy source)
Axinella infundibuliformis (Linnaeus, 1759) (taxonomy source)
Axinella minuta Lévi, 1957 (additional source)
Axinella pumila Babiç, 1922 accepted as Axinella minuta Lévi, 1957 (taxonomy source)
Axinella spatula Sitjà & Maldonado, 2014 (original description)
Axinella vaceleti Pansini, 1984 (taxonomy source)
Axinella vasonuda Topsent, 1904 (taxonomy source)
Axinella vellerea Topsent, 1904 (taxonomy source)
Calthropella (Corticellopsis) recondita Pulitzer-Finali, 1972 (additional source)
Desmacella annexa Schmidt, 1870 (additional source)
Desmacella inornata (Bowerbank, 1866) (additional source)
Dragmatella aberrans (Topsent, 1890) (additional source)
Endectyon (Hemectyon) filiformis Sitjà & Maldonado, 2014 accepted as Endectyon (Hemectyon) filiforme Sitja & Maldonado, 2014 (original description)
Gelliodes fayalensis Topsent, 1892 (additional source)
Hamacantha (Vomerula) falcula (Bowerbank, 1874) (additional source)
Hemiasterella elongata Topsent, 1928 (basis of record)
Jaspis eudermis Lévi & Vacelet, 1958 (additional source)
Rhabdobaris Pulitzer-Finali, 1983 (redescription)
Rhabdobaris implicata Pulitzer-Finali, 1983 (redescription)
Alboran Sea for Axinella alborana Sitjà & Maldonado, 2014
Alboran Sea for Axinella spatula Sitjà & Maldonado, 2014
Alboran Sea for Axinella vellerea Topsent, 1904
Alboran Sea for Calthropella (Corticellopsis) recondita Pulitzer-Finali, 1972
Alboran Sea for Desmacella annexa Schmidt, 1870
Alboran Sea for Desmacella inornata (Bowerbank, 1866)
Alboran Sea for Dragmatella aberrans (Topsent, 1890)
Alboran Sea for Endectyon (Hemectyon) filiformis Sitjà & Maldonado, 2014
Alboran Sea for Gelliodes fayalensis Topsent, 1892
Alboran Sea for Hamacantha (Vomerula) falcula (Bowerbank, 1874)
Alboran Sea for Hemiasterella elongata Topsent, 1928
Alboran Sea for Jaspis eudermis Lévi & Vacelet, 1958
Alboran Sea for Rhabdobaris implicata Pulitzer-Finali, 1983
Alboran Sea for Axinella spatula Sitjà & Maldonado, 2014
Alboran Sea for Axinella vellerea Topsent, 1904
Alboran Sea for Calthropella (Corticellopsis) recondita Pulitzer-Finali, 1972
Alboran Sea for Desmacella annexa Schmidt, 1870
Alboran Sea for Desmacella inornata (Bowerbank, 1866)
Alboran Sea for Dragmatella aberrans (Topsent, 1890)
Alboran Sea for Endectyon (Hemectyon) filiformis Sitjà & Maldonado, 2014
Alboran Sea for Gelliodes fayalensis Topsent, 1892
Alboran Sea for Hamacantha (Vomerula) falcula (Bowerbank, 1874)
Alboran Sea for Hemiasterella elongata Topsent, 1928
Alboran Sea for Jaspis eudermis Lévi & Vacelet, 1958
Alboran Sea for Rhabdobaris implicata Pulitzer-Finali, 1983
Neotype MNCN MNCN-Sp23-BV14, geounit Alboran Sea, identified as Rhabdobaris implicata Pulitzer-Finali, 1983
Syntype MONA MOM-040044, geounit South European Atlantic Shelf, identified as Axinella flustra Topsent, 1892
Syntype MONA MOM-040272, geounit Azores Canaries Madeira, identified as Axinella flustra Topsent, 1892
Syntype MONA MOM-040631, geounit Azores Canaries Madeira, identified as Axinella vellerea Topsent, 1904
Holotype MNCN Sp145-BV33B, geounit Alboran Sea, identified as Axinella spatula Sitjà & Maldonado, 2014
Holotype MNCN Sp155-DR44A, geounit Alboran Sea, identified as Axinella alborana Sitjà & Maldonado, 2014
Holotype MNCN Sp69 BV21, geounit Alboran Sea, identified as Endectyon (Hemectyon) filiformis Sitjà & Maldonado, 2014
Syntype MONA MOM-040044, geounit South European Atlantic Shelf, identified as Axinella flustra Topsent, 1892
Syntype MONA MOM-040272, geounit Azores Canaries Madeira, identified as Axinella flustra Topsent, 1892
Syntype MONA MOM-040631, geounit Azores Canaries Madeira, identified as Axinella vellerea Topsent, 1904
Holotype MNCN Sp145-BV33B, geounit Alboran Sea, identified as Axinella spatula Sitjà & Maldonado, 2014
Holotype MNCN Sp155-DR44A, geounit Alboran Sea, identified as Axinella alborana Sitjà & Maldonado, 2014
Holotype MNCN Sp69 BV21, geounit Alboran Sea, identified as Endectyon (Hemectyon) filiformis Sitjà & Maldonado, 2014
Editor's comment
The family assignation to Bubaridae is provisional until further phylogenetic information becomes available. The ... [details]