WoRMS taxon details
Sympodium Ehrenberg, 1834
Massarella Gray, 1869 · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym
- Species Sympodium arbusculum Benayahu, Ekins & McFadden, 2021
- Species Sympodium caeruleum Ehrenberg, 1834
- Species Sympodium epiphytum Benayahu, Ekins & McFadden, 2021
- Species Sympodium gibbaeum Benayahu, Ekins & McFadden, 2021
- Species Sympodium hexagonotus Benayahu, Ekins & McFadden, 2021
- Species Sympodium omasum Koido, Imahara & Fukami, 2024
- Species Sympodium subtilis Benayahu, Ekins & McFadden, 2021
- Species Sympodium tamatavense Cohn, 1907
- Species Sympodium vegrandis Benayahu, Ekins & McFadden, 2021
- Species Sympodium yonaguniensis Benayahu, Ekins & McFadden, 2021
- Species Sympodium armatum Wright & Studer, 1889 accepted as Anthothela pacifica (Kükenthal, 1913) (synonym)
- Species Sympodium coeruleum Ehrenberg, 1834 accepted as Sympodium caeruleum Ehrenberg, 1834 (misspelling)
- Species Sympodium coralloides (Pallas, 1766) accepted as Alcyonium coralloides (Pallas, 1766) (changed combination)
- Species Sympodium decipiens Thomson & Henderson, 1906 accepted as Clavularia decipiens (Thomson & Henderson, 1906) (original combination)
- Species Sympodium fuliginosum Ehrenberg, 1834 accepted as Anthelia fuliginosa (Ehrenberg, 1834) accepted as Anthelia glauca Lamarck, 1816 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
- Species Sympodium fulvum (Forskål, 1775) accepted as Rhytisma fulvum (Forskål, 1775) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
- Species Sympodium fuscum Thomson & Henderson, 1906 accepted as Rhytisma fuscum (Thomson & Henderson, 1906) (original combination)
- Species Sympodium granulosum Thomson & Henderson, 1906 accepted as Clavularia granulosum (Thomson & Henderson, 1906) (original combination)
- Species Sympodium incrustans Thomson & Henderson, 1906 accepted as Clavularia incrustans (Thomson & Henderson, 1906) (original combination)
- Species Sympodium indicum Thomson & Henderson, 1906 accepted as Clavularia indicum (Thomson & Henderson, 1906) (original combination)
- Species Sympodium margaritaceum Grieg, 1888 accepted as Clavularia margaritaceum (Grieg, 1888) (original combination, basionym)
- Species Sympodium norvegicum Koren & Danielssen, 1883 accepted as Parerythropodium norvegicum (Koren & Danielssen, 1883) accepted as Alcyonium norvegicum (Koren & Danielssen, 1883) (original combination)
- Species Sympodium ochraceum Ehrenberg, 1834 accepted as Plexaurella dichotoma (Esper, 1788) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
- Species Sympodium pacifica Verrill, 1866 accepted as Callipodium pacificum (Verrill, 1866) (original combination)
- Species Sympodium pulchrum Thomson & Henderson, 1906 accepted as Clavularia pulchrum (Thomson & Henderson, 1906) (original combination, now a secondary homonym of Clavularia pulchra Thomson & Henderson, 1906)
- Species Sympodium punctatum May, 1898 accepted as Parerythropodium punctatum (May, 1898) (original combination)
- Species Sympodium purpurascens (Ehrenberg, 1834) accepted as Anthelia glauca Lamarck, 1816 (synonym)
- Species Sympodium salomonense Thomson & Mackinnon, 1910 accepted as Corallium salomonense (Thomson & Mackinnon, 1910) (original combination)
- Species Sympodium tenue Thomson & Henderson, 1906 accepted as Clavularia tenue (Thomson & Henderson, 1906) (original combination)
- Species Sympodium verum Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 accepted as Erythropodium caribaeorum (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1860) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
- Species Sympodium abyssorum Danielssen, 1887 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum, Gersemia sp.)
- Species Sympodium antarcticum Gravier, 1913 (uncertain)
- Species Sympodium glomeratum Wright & Studer, 1889 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum, ?Clavularia sp.)
- Species Sympodium hyalinum Grieg, 1887 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum, Clavularia sp.)
- Species Sympodium massa Ehrenberg, 1834 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum, Alcyonium sp.)
- Species Sympodium poriferum Verrill, 1863 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
- Species Sympodium roseum Ehrenberg, 1834 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
- Species Sympodium splendens Thomson & Henderson, 1906 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum, ?Parerythropodium sp. )
- Species Sympodium verrilli Wright & Studer, 1889 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum, ?Clavularia sp.)
marine, terrestrial
Ehrenberg, C. G. (1834). Beiträge zur physiologischen Kenntniss der Corallenthiere im allgemeinen, und besonders des rothen Meeres, nebst einem Versuche zur physiologischen Systematik derselben. <em>Abhandlungen der Königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Berlin.</em> 1: 225-380., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/29725862
page(s): 285 [details]
page(s): 285 [details]
McFadden, C.S.; Cordeiro, R.; Williams, G.; van Ofwegen, L. (2024). World List of Octocorallia. Sympodium Ehrenberg, 1834. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=204328 on 2024-11-21
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original description
Ehrenberg, C. G. (1834). Beiträge zur physiologischen Kenntniss der Corallenthiere im allgemeinen, und besonders des rothen Meeres, nebst einem Versuche zur physiologischen Systematik derselben. <em>Abhandlungen der Königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Berlin.</em> 1: 225-380., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/29725862
page(s): 285 [details]
original description (of Massarella Gray, 1869) Gray, J.E. (1869). Notes on the fleshy alcyonoid corals (Alcyonium, Linn., or Zoophytaria carnosa). <em>Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 4.</em> 3(13-18): 117-131., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/24740479
page(s): 119 [details]
context source (Hexacorallia) Fautin, Daphne G. (2013). Hexacorallians of the World. (look up in IMIS) [details]
basis of record Benayahu, Y (1993). Corals of the South-west Indian Ocean. I. Alcyonacea from Sodwana Bay, South Africa. Oceanographic Research Institute, Investigational Report No. 67. 16 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source Alderslade, P. (2001). Six new genera and six new species of soft coral, and some proposed familial and subfamilial changes within the Alcyonacea. <em>Bulletin of the Biological Society of Washington.</em> 10:15-65.
page(s): 63 [details] Available for editors
[request]
additional source Alderslade, P. (2003). A new genus and species of soft coral (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea: Alcyoniidae) from Lord Howe Island, Australia. <em>Zoologische Verhandelingen.</em> 345: 19-30., available online at https://repository.naturalis.nl/pub/220290
page(s): 20 [details]
additional source Weinberg, S. (1977). Revision of the common Octocorallia of the Mediterranean circalittoral II. Alcyonacea. <em>Beaufortia.</em> 25(326): 131-166., available online at https://repository.naturalis.nl/pub/505058
page(s): 144 [details]
additional source Utinomi, H. (1960). Noteworthy octocorals collected off the southwest coast of Kii Peninsula, Middle Japan. Part I. Stolonifera and Alcyonacea. <em>Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory.</em> 8(1): 1-26, plates 1-2., available online at https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/174706/1/fia0081_001.pdf
page(s): 4 [details]
additional source Utinomi, H. (1971). Port Phillip Bay Survey 2. Octocorallia. <em>Mem. Nat. Mus. Vic.</em> 32: 7-18.
page(s): 10 [details]
additional source May, W. (1899). Beitrage zur Systematik und Chorologie der Alcyonaceen. <em>Jenaische Zeitschrift fur Naturwissenschaft.</em> 33: 1-180.
page(s): 47-51 [details]
additional source Roxas, H.A. (1933). Philippine Alcyonaria. The families Cornulariidae and Xeniidae. <em>The Philippine Journal of Science.</em> 50: 49-110.
page(s): 107 [details]
additional source Kükenthal, W. (1916). Die Gorgonarien Westindiens. Kap. 1, Die Scleraxonier; Kap. 2, Über den Venusfächer; Kap. 3, Die Gattung Xiphigorgia. <em>Zoologische Jahrbucher.</em> Suppl. 11: 443-504, plate 23., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14178786
page(s): 452-456 [details]
additional source Hickson, S.J. (1930). Some Alcyonarians from the Eastern Pacific Ocean. <em>Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London.</em> 1930(14): 209-227, plates 1-3.
page(s): 209, 210, 214 [details]
additional source Deichmann, E. (1936). The Alcyonaria of the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. <em>Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard College.</em> 53: 1-317, plates 1-37., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/4363633
page(s): 31 [details]
additional source Benayahu, Y.; Ekins, M.; McFadden, C.S. (2021). Overview of the genus Sympodium (Ehrenberg, 1834) (Octocorallia, Alcyonacea, Xeniidae), with the description of new species, revealing regional endemism. <em>Zootaxa 5072(4): 324-350.</em> , available online at https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5072.4.2 [details]
additional source Fabricius, K.; Alderslade, P. (2001). Soft Corals and Sea Fans: A Comprehensive Guide to the Shallow-water Genera of the Central-West Pacific, the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea. <em>Australian Institute of Marine Science. Townsville.</em> pp. 264.
page(s): iv, 45, 46, 54, 136, 148-149 [details]
additional source Williams, G. C. (1989). A review of recent research on the sublittoral coral reefs of northern Natal with a provisional assessment of findings regarding the distribution of octocorals on Two-Mile Reef, Sodwana Bay. South African Journal of Science, 85, 140-141
page(s): 140 [details]
additional source Williams, G. C. (1993). Coral Reef Octocorals: An Illustrated Guide to the Soft Corals, Sea Fans and Sea Pens Inhabiting the Coral Reefs of Northern Natal. Durban Natural Science Museum. Durban., pp. 63.
page(s): 12 [details]
additional source Gohar, H. A. F. (1940). The development of some Xeniidae (Alcyonaria) (with some ecological aspects). Publications of the Marine Biological Station Al Ghardaqa (Red Sea), 3, 27-78, plates I-V
page(s): 58, 62, 67 [details]
additional source Verrill, A. E. (1922). The Alcyonaria of the Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-1918, with a revision of some other Canadian genera and species. Report on the Canadian Arctic Expedition 1913-1918, 8, G, G3-G87, available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/38351360
page(s): 7 [details]
additional source Hwang, S. J.; Song, J. I. (2007). Reproductive biology and larval development of the temperate soft coral Dendronephthya gigantea (Alcyonacea: Nephtheidae). Marine Biology, 152, 273-284
page(s): 274 [details]
page(s): 285 [details]
original description (of Massarella Gray, 1869) Gray, J.E. (1869). Notes on the fleshy alcyonoid corals (Alcyonium, Linn., or Zoophytaria carnosa). <em>Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 4.</em> 3(13-18): 117-131., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/24740479
page(s): 119 [details]
context source (Hexacorallia) Fautin, Daphne G. (2013). Hexacorallians of the World. (look up in IMIS) [details]
basis of record Benayahu, Y (1993). Corals of the South-west Indian Ocean. I. Alcyonacea from Sodwana Bay, South Africa. Oceanographic Research Institute, Investigational Report No. 67. 16 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source Alderslade, P. (2001). Six new genera and six new species of soft coral, and some proposed familial and subfamilial changes within the Alcyonacea. <em>Bulletin of the Biological Society of Washington.</em> 10:15-65.
page(s): 63 [details] Available for editors
[request]additional source Alderslade, P. (2003). A new genus and species of soft coral (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea: Alcyoniidae) from Lord Howe Island, Australia. <em>Zoologische Verhandelingen.</em> 345: 19-30., available online at https://repository.naturalis.nl/pub/220290
page(s): 20 [details]
additional source Weinberg, S. (1977). Revision of the common Octocorallia of the Mediterranean circalittoral II. Alcyonacea. <em>Beaufortia.</em> 25(326): 131-166., available online at https://repository.naturalis.nl/pub/505058
page(s): 144 [details]
additional source Utinomi, H. (1960). Noteworthy octocorals collected off the southwest coast of Kii Peninsula, Middle Japan. Part I. Stolonifera and Alcyonacea. <em>Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory.</em> 8(1): 1-26, plates 1-2., available online at https://repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2433/174706/1/fia0081_001.pdf
page(s): 4 [details]
additional source Utinomi, H. (1971). Port Phillip Bay Survey 2. Octocorallia. <em>Mem. Nat. Mus. Vic.</em> 32: 7-18.
page(s): 10 [details]
additional source May, W. (1899). Beitrage zur Systematik und Chorologie der Alcyonaceen. <em>Jenaische Zeitschrift fur Naturwissenschaft.</em> 33: 1-180.
page(s): 47-51 [details]
additional source Roxas, H.A. (1933). Philippine Alcyonaria. The families Cornulariidae and Xeniidae. <em>The Philippine Journal of Science.</em> 50: 49-110.
page(s): 107 [details]
additional source Kükenthal, W. (1916). Die Gorgonarien Westindiens. Kap. 1, Die Scleraxonier; Kap. 2, Über den Venusfächer; Kap. 3, Die Gattung Xiphigorgia. <em>Zoologische Jahrbucher.</em> Suppl. 11: 443-504, plate 23., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14178786
page(s): 452-456 [details]
additional source Hickson, S.J. (1930). Some Alcyonarians from the Eastern Pacific Ocean. <em>Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London.</em> 1930(14): 209-227, plates 1-3.
page(s): 209, 210, 214 [details]
additional source Deichmann, E. (1936). The Alcyonaria of the western part of the Atlantic Ocean. <em>Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard College.</em> 53: 1-317, plates 1-37., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/4363633
page(s): 31 [details]
additional source Benayahu, Y.; Ekins, M.; McFadden, C.S. (2021). Overview of the genus Sympodium (Ehrenberg, 1834) (Octocorallia, Alcyonacea, Xeniidae), with the description of new species, revealing regional endemism. <em>Zootaxa 5072(4): 324-350.</em> , available online at https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5072.4.2 [details]
additional source Fabricius, K.; Alderslade, P. (2001). Soft Corals and Sea Fans: A Comprehensive Guide to the Shallow-water Genera of the Central-West Pacific, the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea. <em>Australian Institute of Marine Science. Townsville.</em> pp. 264.
page(s): iv, 45, 46, 54, 136, 148-149 [details]
additional source Williams, G. C. (1989). A review of recent research on the sublittoral coral reefs of northern Natal with a provisional assessment of findings regarding the distribution of octocorals on Two-Mile Reef, Sodwana Bay. South African Journal of Science, 85, 140-141
page(s): 140 [details]
additional source Williams, G. C. (1993). Coral Reef Octocorals: An Illustrated Guide to the Soft Corals, Sea Fans and Sea Pens Inhabiting the Coral Reefs of Northern Natal. Durban Natural Science Museum. Durban., pp. 63.
page(s): 12 [details]
additional source Gohar, H. A. F. (1940). The development of some Xeniidae (Alcyonaria) (with some ecological aspects). Publications of the Marine Biological Station Al Ghardaqa (Red Sea), 3, 27-78, plates I-V
page(s): 58, 62, 67 [details]
additional source Verrill, A. E. (1922). The Alcyonaria of the Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-1918, with a revision of some other Canadian genera and species. Report on the Canadian Arctic Expedition 1913-1918, 8, G, G3-G87, available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/38351360
page(s): 7 [details]
additional source Hwang, S. J.; Song, J. I. (2007). Reproductive biology and larval development of the temperate soft coral Dendronephthya gigantea (Alcyonacea: Nephtheidae). Marine Biology, 152, 273-284
page(s): 274 [details]
Present Inaccurate Introduced: alien Containing type locality
| Language | Name | |
|---|---|---|
| Japanese | チヂミウミアザミ属 | [details] |
