HABs taxon details
Prorocentrum hoffmannianum M.A.Faust, 1990
232423 (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:232423)
accepted
Species
Exuviaella maculosum (Faust) McLachlan, Boalch & Jahn, 1997 · unaccepted (synonym)
Prorocentrum belizeanum M.A.Faust, 1993 · unaccepted
Prorocentrum maculosum M.A.Faust, 1993 · unaccepted
marine, fresh, terrestrial
Faust M.A. 1990. Morphological details of six benthic species of <i>Prorocentrum</i> (Pyrrophyta) from a mangrove island, Twin Cays, Belize, including two new species. J. Phycol. 26: 548-558. [details]
Type locality contained in Twin Cays
type locality contained in Twin Cays [details]
Harmful effect Material from Belize produces okadaic acid, causing Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP), that from the Virgin Islands and...
Identification Similar species have been distinguished mainly based on size and ornamentation (number, size and shape of depressions), but...
Identification Identification requires scanning electron microscopy and/or molecular sequencing.
Ovoid cells, 33-60 µm long, with...
status This species apparently has been repeatedly misidentified as P. concavum before the description of P. hoffmanianum.
Harmful effect Material from Belize produces okadaic acid, causing Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP), that from the Virgin Islands and the western Indian Ocean okadaic acid and fast acting toxins (FAT). [details]
Identification Similar species have been distinguished mainly based on size and ornamentation (number, size and shape of depressions), but...
Identification Similar species have been distinguished mainly based on size and ornamentation (number, size and shape of depressions), but it is now clear that these criteria are subject to large variation. A detailed reinvestigation of all the morphotypes described as separate species is necessary to define species boundaries. Such a reinvestigation was done for P. belizeanum and P. maculosum but needs to be done for P. sabulosum and P. tropicale. The species is also similar to the P. lima complex and can only be distinguished by its thecal plate ornamentation (by the use of SEM). [details]
Identification Identification requires scanning electron microscopy and/or molecular sequencing.
Ovoid cells, 33-60 µm long, with...
Identification Identification requires scanning electron microscopy and/or molecular sequencing.
Ovoid cells, 33-60 µm long, with central pyrenoid (starch ring). Thecal ornamentation varies from nearly smooth with only pores in shallow depressions to foveate to reticulate-foveate (Hoppenrath et al. 2013). The pores are scattered and the plate centre devoid of pores. Ring of marginal depressions containing pores. The periflagellar area is wide V-shaped with collar.
Verified rDNA sequences (SSU, LSU) are:
For morphological identification help look here: https://www.dinophyta.org/identification-keys/marine-benthic-dinoflagellates/prorocentrum-ident-spp-pages/
or check out this key: https://keys.lucidcentral.org/keys/v4/prorocentrum/ [details]
Ovoid cells, 33-60 µm long, with central pyrenoid (starch ring). Thecal ornamentation varies from nearly smooth with only pores in shallow depressions to foveate to reticulate-foveate (Hoppenrath et al. 2013). The pores are scattered and the plate centre devoid of pores. Ring of marginal depressions containing pores. The periflagellar area is wide V-shaped with collar.
Verified rDNA sequences (SSU, LSU) are:
For morphological identification help look here: https://www.dinophyta.org/identification-keys/marine-benthic-dinoflagellates/prorocentrum-ident-spp-pages/
or check out this key: https://keys.lucidcentral.org/keys/v4/prorocentrum/ [details]
status This species apparently has been repeatedly misidentified as P. concavum before the description of P. hoffmanianum.
status This species apparently has been repeatedly misidentified as P. concavum before the description of P. hoffmanianum. [details]
Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2024). AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway (taxonomic information republished from AlgaeBase with permission of M.D. Guiry). Prorocentrum hoffmannianum M.A.Faust, 1990. Accessed through: Lundholm, N.; Churro, C.; Escalera, L.; Fraga, S.; Hoppenrath, M.; Iwataki, M.; Larsen, J.; Mertens, K.; Moestrup, Ø.; Murray, S.; Tillmann, U.; Zingone, A. (Eds) (2009 onwards) IOC-UNESCO Taxonomic Reference List of Harmful Micro Algae at: https://www.marinespecies.org/hab/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=232423 on 2024-11-10
Lundholm, N.; Churro, C.; Escalera, L.; Fraga, S.; Hoppenrath, M.; Iwataki, M.; Larsen, J.; Mertens, K.; Moestrup, Ø.; Murray, S.; Tillmann, U.; Zingone, A. (Eds) (2009 onwards). IOC-UNESCO Taxonomic Reference List of Harmful Micro Algae. Prorocentrum hoffmannianum M.A.Faust, 1990. Accessed at: https://www.marinespecies.org/hab/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=232423 on 2024-11-10
Date
action
by
original description
Faust M.A. 1990. Morphological details of six benthic species of <i>Prorocentrum</i> (Pyrrophyta) from a mangrove island, Twin Cays, Belize, including two new species. J. Phycol. 26: 548-558. [details]
original description (of Prorocentrum belizeanum M.A.Faust, 1993) Faust M.A. 1993. Prorocentrum belizeanum, Prorocentrum elegans, and Prorocentrum caribbaeum, three new benthic species (Dinophyceae) from a mangrove island, Twin Cays, Belize. J. Phycol. 29: 100-107., available online at https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.1993.tb00287.x [details]
original description (of Prorocentrum maculosum M.A.Faust, 1993) Faust M.A. 1993. Three new benthic species of Prorocentrum (Dinophyceae) from Twin Cays, Belize: P. maculosum sp. nov., P. foraminosum sp. nov. and P. formosum sp. nov. Phycologia 32: 410-418. [details]
additional source Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2024). AlgaeBase. <em>World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway.</em> searched on YYYY-MM-DD., available online at http://www.algaebase.org [details]
additional source Tomas, C.R. (Ed.). (1997). Identifying marine phytoplankton. Academic Press: San Diego, CA [etc.] (USA). ISBN 0-12-693018-X. XV, 858 pp., available online at http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/book/9780126930184 [details]
additional source Steidinger, K. A., M. A. Faust, and D. U. Hernández-Becerril. 2009. Dinoflagellates (Dinoflagellata) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 131–154 in Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, College [details]
additional source Moestrup, Ø., Akselman, R., Cronberg, G., Elbraechter, M., Fraga, S., Halim, Y., Hansen, G., Hoppenrath, M., Larsen, J., Lundholm, N., Nguyen, L. N., Zingone, A. (Eds) (2009 onwards). IOC-UNESCO Taxonomic Reference List of Harmful Micro Algae., available online at http://www.marinespecies.org/HAB [details]
additional source Hoppenrath, M.; Murray, S. A.; Chomérat, N.; Horiguchi, T. (2014). Marine benthic dinoflagellates - unravelling their worldwide biodiversity. <em>Kleine Senckenberg-Reihe.</em> 54: 1-276. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source Steidinger, K.A. & Meave del Castillo, M.E. (Eds.). (2018). Guide to the identification of harmful micoalgae in the Gulf of Mexico. <em>St. Petersburg, FL: DiggyPOD, Inc.</em> [details]
additional source Chomérat, N.; Bilien, G.; Zentz, F. (2019). A taxonomical study of benthic Prorocentrum species (Prorocentrales, Dinophyceae) from Anse Dufour (Martinique Island, eastern Caribbean Sea). <em>Marine Biodiversity.</em> 49(3): 1299-1319., available online at https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-018-0913-6 [details]
additional source Hoppenrath, M.; Chomérat, N.; Horiguchi, T.; Schweikert, M.; Nagahama, Y.; Murray, S. (2013). Taxonomy and phylogeny of the benthic Prorocentrum species (Dinophyceae)—A proposal and review. <em>Harmful Algae.</em> 27: 1-28., available online at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2013.03.006 [details]
additional source Aikman K.E., Tindall D.R. & Morton S.L. 1993. Physiology and potency of the dinoflagellate <i>Prorocentrum hoffmanianum</i> during the complete growth cycle. In: <i>Toxic Phytoplankton Blooms in the Sea</i> (Ed. by T.J. Smayda & Y. Shimizu), pp. 463-468, Elsevier, New York. [details]
toxicology source Morton S.L., Bomber J.W. 1994. Maximizing okadaic acid content from <i>Prorocentrum hoffmanianum</i> Faust. J. Appl. Phycol. 6: 41-44. [details]
toxicology source Morton S.L., Bomber J.W. & Tindall P.M. 1994. Environmental effects on the production of okadaic acid from <i>Prorocentrum hoffmanianum</i> Faust: temperature, light, and salinity. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 178: 67-77. [details]
ecology source Mitra, A.; Caron, D. A.; Faure, E.; Flynn, K. J.; Leles, S. G.; Hansen, P. J.; McManus, G. B.; Not, F.; Do Rosario Gomes, H.; Santoferrara, L. F.; Stoecker, D. K.; Tillmann, U. (2023). The Mixoplankton Database (MDB): Diversity of photo‐phago‐trophic plankton in form, function, and distribution across the global ocean. <em>Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology.</em> 70(4)., available online at https://doi.org/10.1111/jeu.12972 [details]
ecology source Faust, M.A. (1998). Mixotrophy in tropical benthic dinoflagellates. In: Reguera, B., Blanco, J., Fernandez, L., Wyatt, T. (Eds.), Harmful Algae. Proceedings of the VIII International Conference on Harmful Algae, Vigo, Spain, 1997, Xunta de Galicia and Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, Paris, France, pp. 390–393. [details]
original description (of Prorocentrum belizeanum M.A.Faust, 1993) Faust M.A. 1993. Prorocentrum belizeanum, Prorocentrum elegans, and Prorocentrum caribbaeum, three new benthic species (Dinophyceae) from a mangrove island, Twin Cays, Belize. J. Phycol. 29: 100-107., available online at https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.1993.tb00287.x [details]
original description (of Prorocentrum maculosum M.A.Faust, 1993) Faust M.A. 1993. Three new benthic species of Prorocentrum (Dinophyceae) from Twin Cays, Belize: P. maculosum sp. nov., P. foraminosum sp. nov. and P. formosum sp. nov. Phycologia 32: 410-418. [details]
additional source Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2024). AlgaeBase. <em>World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway.</em> searched on YYYY-MM-DD., available online at http://www.algaebase.org [details]
additional source Tomas, C.R. (Ed.). (1997). Identifying marine phytoplankton. Academic Press: San Diego, CA [etc.] (USA). ISBN 0-12-693018-X. XV, 858 pp., available online at http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/book/9780126930184 [details]
additional source Steidinger, K. A., M. A. Faust, and D. U. Hernández-Becerril. 2009. Dinoflagellates (Dinoflagellata) of the Gulf of Mexico, Pp. 131–154 in Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, College [details]
additional source Moestrup, Ø., Akselman, R., Cronberg, G., Elbraechter, M., Fraga, S., Halim, Y., Hansen, G., Hoppenrath, M., Larsen, J., Lundholm, N., Nguyen, L. N., Zingone, A. (Eds) (2009 onwards). IOC-UNESCO Taxonomic Reference List of Harmful Micro Algae., available online at http://www.marinespecies.org/HAB [details]
additional source Hoppenrath, M.; Murray, S. A.; Chomérat, N.; Horiguchi, T. (2014). Marine benthic dinoflagellates - unravelling their worldwide biodiversity. <em>Kleine Senckenberg-Reihe.</em> 54: 1-276. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source Steidinger, K.A. & Meave del Castillo, M.E. (Eds.). (2018). Guide to the identification of harmful micoalgae in the Gulf of Mexico. <em>St. Petersburg, FL: DiggyPOD, Inc.</em> [details]
additional source Chomérat, N.; Bilien, G.; Zentz, F. (2019). A taxonomical study of benthic Prorocentrum species (Prorocentrales, Dinophyceae) from Anse Dufour (Martinique Island, eastern Caribbean Sea). <em>Marine Biodiversity.</em> 49(3): 1299-1319., available online at https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-018-0913-6 [details]
additional source Hoppenrath, M.; Chomérat, N.; Horiguchi, T.; Schweikert, M.; Nagahama, Y.; Murray, S. (2013). Taxonomy and phylogeny of the benthic Prorocentrum species (Dinophyceae)—A proposal and review. <em>Harmful Algae.</em> 27: 1-28., available online at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2013.03.006 [details]
additional source Aikman K.E., Tindall D.R. & Morton S.L. 1993. Physiology and potency of the dinoflagellate <i>Prorocentrum hoffmanianum</i> during the complete growth cycle. In: <i>Toxic Phytoplankton Blooms in the Sea</i> (Ed. by T.J. Smayda & Y. Shimizu), pp. 463-468, Elsevier, New York. [details]
toxicology source Morton S.L., Bomber J.W. 1994. Maximizing okadaic acid content from <i>Prorocentrum hoffmanianum</i> Faust. J. Appl. Phycol. 6: 41-44. [details]
toxicology source Morton S.L., Bomber J.W. & Tindall P.M. 1994. Environmental effects on the production of okadaic acid from <i>Prorocentrum hoffmanianum</i> Faust: temperature, light, and salinity. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 178: 67-77. [details]
ecology source Mitra, A.; Caron, D. A.; Faure, E.; Flynn, K. J.; Leles, S. G.; Hansen, P. J.; McManus, G. B.; Not, F.; Do Rosario Gomes, H.; Santoferrara, L. F.; Stoecker, D. K.; Tillmann, U. (2023). The Mixoplankton Database (MDB): Diversity of photo‐phago‐trophic plankton in form, function, and distribution across the global ocean. <em>Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology.</em> 70(4)., available online at https://doi.org/10.1111/jeu.12972 [details]
ecology source Faust, M.A. (1998). Mixotrophy in tropical benthic dinoflagellates. In: Reguera, B., Blanco, J., Fernandez, L., Wyatt, T. (Eds.), Harmful Algae. Proceedings of the VIII International Conference on Harmful Algae, Vigo, Spain, 1997, Xunta de Galicia and Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, Paris, France, pp. 390–393. [details]
Present Inaccurate Introduced: alien Containing type locality
From regional or thematic species database
Biology Associated with floating detritus. [details]Harmful effect Material from Belize produces okadaic acid, causing Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning (DSP), that from the Virgin Islands and the western Indian Ocean okadaic acid and fast acting toxins (FAT). [details]
Identification Similar species have been distinguished mainly based on size and ornamentation (number, size and shape of depressions), but it is now clear that these criteria are subject to large variation. A detailed reinvestigation of all the morphotypes described as separate species is necessary to define species boundaries. Such a reinvestigation was done for P. belizeanum and P. maculosum but needs to be done for P. sabulosum and P. tropicale. The species is also similar to the P. lima complex and can only be distinguished by its thecal plate ornamentation (by the use of SEM). [details]
Identification Identification requires scanning electron microscopy and/or molecular sequencing.
Ovoid cells, 33-60 µm long, with central pyrenoid (starch ring). Thecal ornamentation varies from nearly smooth with only pores in shallow depressions to foveate to reticulate-foveate (Hoppenrath et al. 2013). The pores are scattered and the plate centre devoid of pores. Ring of marginal depressions containing pores. The periflagellar area is wide V-shaped with collar.
Verified rDNA sequences (SSU, LSU) are:
For morphological identification help look here: https://www.dinophyta.org/identification-keys/marine-benthic-dinoflagellates/prorocentrum-ident-spp-pages/
or check out this key: https://keys.lucidcentral.org/keys/v4/prorocentrum/ [details]
status This species apparently has been repeatedly misidentified as P. concavum before the description of P. hoffmanianum. [details]
Published in AlgaeBase 
(from synonym Prorocentrum maculosum M.A.Faust, 1993)
Published in AlgaeBase
Published in AlgaeBase (from synonym Prorocentrum belizeanum M.A.Faust, 1993)
Published in AlgaeBase (from synonym Exuviaella maculosum (Faust) McLachlan, Boalch & Jahn, 1997)
To Barcode of Life (1 barcode)
To Barcode of Life (1 barcode) (from synonym Prorocentrum belizeanum M.A.Faust, 1993)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (1 publication) (from synonym Exuviaella maculosum (Faust) McLachlan, Boalch & Jahn, 1997)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (2 publications) (from synonym Prorocentrum belizeanum M.A.Faust, 1993)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (2 publications)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (3 publications) (from synonym Prorocentrum maculosum M.A.Faust, 1993)
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Prorocentrum belizeanum) (from synonym Prorocentrum belizeanum M.A.Faust, 1993)
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Prorocentrum hoffmannianum)
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Prorocentrum maculosum) (from synonym Prorocentrum maculosum M.A.Faust, 1993)
To GenBank (12 nucleotides; 3 proteins) (from synonym Prorocentrum belizeanum M.A.Faust, 1993)
To GenBank (18 nucleotides; 1 proteins) (from synonym Prorocentrum maculosum M.A.Faust, 1993)
To GenBank (48 nucleotides; 10 proteins)
To NMNH Extant Collection (027007.jpg) (from synonym Prorocentrum belizeanum M.A.Faust, 1993)
To NMNH Extant Collection (027017.jpg) (from synonym Prorocentrum belizeanum M.A.Faust, 1993)
To NMNH Extant Collection (041017.jpg) (from synonym Prorocentrum maculosum M.A.Faust, 1993)
To NMNH Extant Collection (042011.jpg) (from synonym Prorocentrum maculosum M.A.Faust, 1993)
To NMNH Extant Collection (042013.jpg)
To NMNH Extant Collection (042015.jpg)
To ITIS
(from synonym Prorocentrum maculosum M.A.Faust, 1993)Published in AlgaeBase
Published in AlgaeBase
(from synonym Prorocentrum belizeanum M.A.Faust, 1993)Published in AlgaeBase
(from synonym Exuviaella maculosum (Faust) McLachlan, Boalch & Jahn, 1997)To Barcode of Life (1 barcode)
To Barcode of Life (1 barcode) (from synonym Prorocentrum belizeanum M.A.Faust, 1993)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (1 publication) (from synonym Exuviaella maculosum (Faust) McLachlan, Boalch & Jahn, 1997)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (2 publications) (from synonym Prorocentrum belizeanum M.A.Faust, 1993)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (2 publications)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (3 publications) (from synonym Prorocentrum maculosum M.A.Faust, 1993)
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Prorocentrum belizeanum) (from synonym Prorocentrum belizeanum M.A.Faust, 1993)
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Prorocentrum hoffmannianum)
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Prorocentrum maculosum) (from synonym Prorocentrum maculosum M.A.Faust, 1993)
To GenBank (12 nucleotides; 3 proteins) (from synonym Prorocentrum belizeanum M.A.Faust, 1993)
To GenBank (18 nucleotides; 1 proteins) (from synonym Prorocentrum maculosum M.A.Faust, 1993)
To GenBank (48 nucleotides; 10 proteins)
To NMNH Extant Collection (027007.jpg) (from synonym Prorocentrum belizeanum M.A.Faust, 1993)
To NMNH Extant Collection (027017.jpg) (from synonym Prorocentrum belizeanum M.A.Faust, 1993)
To NMNH Extant Collection (041017.jpg) (from synonym Prorocentrum maculosum M.A.Faust, 1993)
To NMNH Extant Collection (042011.jpg) (from synonym Prorocentrum maculosum M.A.Faust, 1993)
To NMNH Extant Collection (042013.jpg)
To NMNH Extant Collection (042015.jpg)
To ITIS
