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McFadden, C. S.; Hochberg, F. (2003). Biology and taxonomy of encrusting alcyoniid soft corals in the northeastern Pacific Ocean with descriptions of two new genera (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Octocorallia). Invertebrate Biology. 122(2): 93-113.
335104
10.1111/j.1744-7410.2003.tb00076.x [view]
McFadden, C. S.; Hochberg, F.
2003
Biology and taxonomy of encrusting alcyoniid soft corals in the northeastern Pacific Ocean with descriptions of two new genera (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Octocorallia)
Invertebrate Biology
122(2): 93-113
Publication
Available for editors [request]
In this paper we summarize current knowledge of the distribution, ecology, and
reproductive biology of 4 encrusting species in the soft coral family Alcyoniidae, with descriptions
of 2 new genera and 2 new species. The new genus Discophyton is erected for Alcyonium
rudyi, a species common in the lower intertidal of exposed rocky headlands from Vancouver
Island, British Columbia, Canada south to Point Lobos, California, USA. Discophyton rudyi n.
gen. & n. comb. propagates extensively by clonal fission, giving rise to characteristic aggregations
of small, regularly spaced, disc-shaped colonies. We describe 2 new species and place
them in a new genus, Thrornbophyton. Thrornbophyton coronatum n. gen. & n. sp. forms
irregularly shaped, membranous colonies on rock surfaces; it occurs subtidally along the southern
California coast from the Palos Verdes Peninsula to San Diego and on the California Islands.
Thrombophyton trachydermum n. gen. & n. sp. has a similar, membranous growth form; it
occurs both intertidally and subtidally on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada, and in
the San Juan Archipelago, Washington, and intertidally in central California, USA. Alcyonium
pacificurn, reported for the first time from North American waters, occurs in subtidal kelp beds
around the Aleutian islands of Attu and Adak; its mushroom-shaped colonies are raised above
the substrate on a short stalk. D. rudyi, T. trachydermum, and A. pacijicum are all gonochores
that reproduce in late summer; in contrast, T. coronatum appears to reproduce in the spring.
D. rudyi and T. coronatum brood larvae internally to a late planula stage. A key to species is
presented for all shallow-water soft corals known to occur in the northeastern Pacific Ocean.
Alcyonium Linnaeus, 1758 (additional source)
Alcyonium coralloides (Pallas, 1766) (additional source)
Alcyonium digitatum Linnaeus, 1758 (additional source)
Alcyonium pacificum Yamada, 1950 (additional source)
Anthomastus ritteri Nutting, 1909 accepted as Heteropolypus ritteri (Nutting, 1909) (additional source)
Clavularia Blainville, 1830 (additional source)
Clavularia moresbii Hickson, 1915 (additional source)
Clavularia pacifica Kükenthal, 1913 accepted as Anthothela pacifica (Kükenthal, 1913) (additional source)
Cryptophyton goddardi Williams, 2000 (additional source)
Discophyton McFadden & Hochberg, 2003 (original description)
Discophyton rudyi (Verseveldt & van Ofwegen, 1992) (new combination reference)
Gersemia rubiformis (Ehrenberg, 1834) (additional source)
Metalcyonium pacificum (Yamada, 1950) accepted as Alcyonium pacificum Yamada, 1950 (basis of record)
Rhytisma Alderslade, 2000 (additional source)
Telesto californica Kükenthal, 1913 (additional source)
Telesto nuttingi Kükenthal, 1913 (additional source)
Telestula ambigua (Nutting, 1909) accepted as Telesto ambigua Nutting, 1909 (additional source)
Thrombophyton McFadden & Hochberg, 2003 (original description)
Thrombophyton coronatum McFadden & Hochberg, 2003 (original description)
Thrombophyton trachydermum McFadden & Hochberg, 2003 (original description)
Alcyonium coralloides (Pallas, 1766) (additional source)
Alcyonium digitatum Linnaeus, 1758 (additional source)
Alcyonium pacificum Yamada, 1950 (additional source)
Anthomastus ritteri Nutting, 1909 accepted as Heteropolypus ritteri (Nutting, 1909) (additional source)
Clavularia Blainville, 1830 (additional source)
Clavularia moresbii Hickson, 1915 (additional source)
Clavularia pacifica Kükenthal, 1913 accepted as Anthothela pacifica (Kükenthal, 1913) (additional source)
Cryptophyton goddardi Williams, 2000 (additional source)
Discophyton McFadden & Hochberg, 2003 (original description)
Discophyton rudyi (Verseveldt & van Ofwegen, 1992) (new combination reference)
Gersemia rubiformis (Ehrenberg, 1834) (additional source)
Metalcyonium pacificum (Yamada, 1950) accepted as Alcyonium pacificum Yamada, 1950 (basis of record)
Rhytisma Alderslade, 2000 (additional source)
Telesto californica Kükenthal, 1913 (additional source)
Telesto nuttingi Kükenthal, 1913 (additional source)
Telestula ambigua (Nutting, 1909) accepted as Telesto ambigua Nutting, 1909 (additional source)
Thrombophyton McFadden & Hochberg, 2003 (original description)
Thrombophyton coronatum McFadden & Hochberg, 2003 (original description)
Thrombophyton trachydermum McFadden & Hochberg, 2003 (original description)
Paratype USNM 1009552, geounit United States Exclusive Economic Zone, identified as Thrombophyton trachydermum McFadden & Hochberg, 2003
Paratype USNM 1009553, geounit United States Exclusive Economic Zone, identified as Thrombophyton coronatum McFadden & Hochberg, 2003
Holotype SBMNH 145110, geounit United States Exclusive Economic Zone, identified as Thrombophyton trachydermum McFadden & Hochberg, 2003
Paratype SBMNH 145111, geounit United States Exclusive Economic Zone, identified as Thrombophyton trachydermum McFadden & Hochberg, 2003
Paratype SBMNH 145112, geounit United States Exclusive Economic Zone, identified as Thrombophyton trachydermum McFadden & Hochberg, 2003
Paratype SBMNH 145114, geounit United States Exclusive Economic Zone, identified as Thrombophyton trachydermum McFadden & Hochberg, 2003
Paratype SBMNH 145115, geounit United States Exclusive Economic Zone, identified as Thrombophyton trachydermum McFadden & Hochberg, 2003
Paratype SBMNH 145116, geounit United States Exclusive Economic Zone, identified as Thrombophyton trachydermum McFadden & Hochberg, 2003
Paratype SBMNH 145117, geounit United States Exclusive Economic Zone, identified as Thrombophyton trachydermum McFadden & Hochberg, 2003
Paratype SBMNH 145118, geounit United States Exclusive Economic Zone, identified as Thrombophyton trachydermum McFadden & Hochberg, 2003
Paratype SBMNH 145119, geounit United States Exclusive Economic Zone, identified as Thrombophyton trachydermum McFadden & Hochberg, 2003
Paratype SBMNH 145120, geounit United States Exclusive Economic Zone, identified as Thrombophyton trachydermum McFadden & Hochberg, 2003
Paratype SBMNH 145121, geounit Canadian Exclusive Economic Zone, identified as Thrombophyton trachydermum McFadden & Hochberg, 2003
Holotype SBMNH 145122, geounit United States Exclusive Economic Zone, identified as Thrombophyton coronatum McFadden & Hochberg, 2003
Paratype SBMNH 145123, geounit United States Exclusive Economic Zone, identified as Thrombophyton coronatum McFadden & Hochberg, 2003
Paratype SBMNH 145124, geounit United States Exclusive Economic Zone, identified as Thrombophyton coronatum McFadden & Hochberg, 2003
Paratype SBMNH 145125, geounit United States Exclusive Economic Zone, identified as Thrombophyton coronatum McFadden & Hochberg, 2003
Nontype SBMNH 145135, geounit United States Exclusive Economic Zone, identified as Alcyonium pacificum Yamada, 1950
Nontype SBMNH 145136, geounit Canadian Exclusive Economic Zone, identified as Discophyton rudyi (Verseveldt & van Ofwegen, 1992)
Paratype CAS 165028, geounit United States Exclusive Economic Zone, identified as Thrombophyton coronatum McFadden & Hochberg, 2003
Paratype CAS 165029, geounit United States Exclusive Economic Zone, identified as Thrombophyton trachydermum McFadden & Hochberg, 2003
Nontype SBMNH 345348, geounit United States Exclusive Economic Zone, identified as Discophyton rudyi (Verseveldt & van Ofwegen, 1992)
Nontype SBMNH 345781, geounit United States Exclusive Economic Zone, identified as Discophyton rudyi (Verseveldt & van Ofwegen, 1992)
Paratype SBMNH 345782, geounit United States Exclusive Economic Zone, identified as Thrombophyton trachydermum McFadden & Hochberg, 2003
Paratype SBMNH 345783, geounit United States Exclusive Economic Zone, identified as Thrombophyton trachydermum McFadden & Hochberg, 2003
Paratype SBMNH 345784, geounit United States Exclusive Economic Zone, identified as Thrombophyton trachydermum McFadden & Hochberg, 2003
Nontype SBMNH 348114, geounit United States Exclusive Economic Zone, identified as Alcyonium pacificum Yamada, 1950
Paratype SBMNH 51560, geounit United States Exclusive Economic Zone, identified as Thrombophyton coronatum McFadden & Hochberg, 2003
Paratype SBMNH 51561, geounit United States Exclusive Economic Zone, identified as Thrombophyton coronatum McFadden & Hochberg, 2003
Paratype SBMNH 51562, geounit United States Exclusive Economic Zone, identified as Thrombophyton coronatum McFadden & Hochberg, 2003
Paratype USNM 1009553, geounit United States Exclusive Economic Zone, identified as Thrombophyton coronatum McFadden & Hochberg, 2003
Holotype SBMNH 145110, geounit United States Exclusive Economic Zone, identified as Thrombophyton trachydermum McFadden & Hochberg, 2003
Paratype SBMNH 145111, geounit United States Exclusive Economic Zone, identified as Thrombophyton trachydermum McFadden & Hochberg, 2003
Paratype SBMNH 145112, geounit United States Exclusive Economic Zone, identified as Thrombophyton trachydermum McFadden & Hochberg, 2003
Paratype SBMNH 145114, geounit United States Exclusive Economic Zone, identified as Thrombophyton trachydermum McFadden & Hochberg, 2003
Paratype SBMNH 145115, geounit United States Exclusive Economic Zone, identified as Thrombophyton trachydermum McFadden & Hochberg, 2003
Paratype SBMNH 145116, geounit United States Exclusive Economic Zone, identified as Thrombophyton trachydermum McFadden & Hochberg, 2003
Paratype SBMNH 145117, geounit United States Exclusive Economic Zone, identified as Thrombophyton trachydermum McFadden & Hochberg, 2003
Paratype SBMNH 145118, geounit United States Exclusive Economic Zone, identified as Thrombophyton trachydermum McFadden & Hochberg, 2003
Paratype SBMNH 145119, geounit United States Exclusive Economic Zone, identified as Thrombophyton trachydermum McFadden & Hochberg, 2003
Paratype SBMNH 145120, geounit United States Exclusive Economic Zone, identified as Thrombophyton trachydermum McFadden & Hochberg, 2003
Paratype SBMNH 145121, geounit Canadian Exclusive Economic Zone, identified as Thrombophyton trachydermum McFadden & Hochberg, 2003
Holotype SBMNH 145122, geounit United States Exclusive Economic Zone, identified as Thrombophyton coronatum McFadden & Hochberg, 2003
Paratype SBMNH 145123, geounit United States Exclusive Economic Zone, identified as Thrombophyton coronatum McFadden & Hochberg, 2003
Paratype SBMNH 145124, geounit United States Exclusive Economic Zone, identified as Thrombophyton coronatum McFadden & Hochberg, 2003
Paratype SBMNH 145125, geounit United States Exclusive Economic Zone, identified as Thrombophyton coronatum McFadden & Hochberg, 2003
Nontype SBMNH 145135, geounit United States Exclusive Economic Zone, identified as Alcyonium pacificum Yamada, 1950
Nontype SBMNH 145136, geounit Canadian Exclusive Economic Zone, identified as Discophyton rudyi (Verseveldt & van Ofwegen, 1992)
Paratype CAS 165028, geounit United States Exclusive Economic Zone, identified as Thrombophyton coronatum McFadden & Hochberg, 2003
Paratype CAS 165029, geounit United States Exclusive Economic Zone, identified as Thrombophyton trachydermum McFadden & Hochberg, 2003
Nontype SBMNH 345348, geounit United States Exclusive Economic Zone, identified as Discophyton rudyi (Verseveldt & van Ofwegen, 1992)
Nontype SBMNH 345781, geounit United States Exclusive Economic Zone, identified as Discophyton rudyi (Verseveldt & van Ofwegen, 1992)
Paratype SBMNH 345782, geounit United States Exclusive Economic Zone, identified as Thrombophyton trachydermum McFadden & Hochberg, 2003
Paratype SBMNH 345783, geounit United States Exclusive Economic Zone, identified as Thrombophyton trachydermum McFadden & Hochberg, 2003
Paratype SBMNH 345784, geounit United States Exclusive Economic Zone, identified as Thrombophyton trachydermum McFadden & Hochberg, 2003
Nontype SBMNH 348114, geounit United States Exclusive Economic Zone, identified as Alcyonium pacificum Yamada, 1950
Paratype SBMNH 51560, geounit United States Exclusive Economic Zone, identified as Thrombophyton coronatum McFadden & Hochberg, 2003
Paratype SBMNH 51561, geounit United States Exclusive Economic Zone, identified as Thrombophyton coronatum McFadden & Hochberg, 2003
Paratype SBMNH 51562, geounit United States Exclusive Economic Zone, identified as Thrombophyton coronatum McFadden & Hochberg, 2003