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Sánchez, N.; Yamasaki, H.; Pardos, F.; Sørensen, M. V.; Martínez, A. (2016). Morphology disentangles the systematics of a ubiquitous but elusive meiofaunal group (Kinorhyncha: Pycnophyidae). Cladistics. 32(5): 479-505.
379016
10.1111/cla.12143 [view]
Sánchez, N.; Yamasaki, H.; Pardos, F.; Sørensen, M. V.; Martínez, A.
2016
Morphology disentangles the systematics of a ubiquitous but elusive meiofaunal group (Kinorhyncha: Pycnophyidae)
Cladistics
32(5): 479-505
Publication
Available for editors [request]
Kinorhyncha is a group of benthic, microscopic animals distributed worldwide in marine sediments. The phylum is divided into two classes, Cyclorhagida and Allomalorhagida, congruent with the two major clades recovered in recent phylogenetic analyses. Allomalorhagida accommodates more than one-third of the described species, most of them assigned to the family Pycnophyidae. All previous phylogenetic analyses of the phylum recovered the two genera within Pycnophyidae, Pycnophyes and Kinorhynchus, as paraphyletic and polyphyletic. A major problem in these studies was the lack of molecular data of most pycnophyids, due to the limited and highly localized distribution of most species, often in the Arctic and the deep-sea. We here overcame the problem by adding a morphological partition with data for 79 Pycnophyidae species, 15 of them also represented by molecular data. Model-based analyses yielded seven clades, which each was supported by several morphological apomorphies. Accordingly, Kinorhynchus is synonymized with Pycnophyes and six new genera are described for the remaining recovered clades: Leiocanthus gen. nov., Cristaphyes gen. nov., Higginsium gen. nov., Krakenella gen. nov., Setaphyes gen. nov. and Fujuriphyes gen. nov.
Marine interstitial
Meiobenthos
Molecular systematics, Molecular biology
Morphology
Phylogeny, Phylogenesis
Meiobenthos
Molecular systematics, Molecular biology
Morphology
Phylogeny, Phylogenesis
Date
action
by
Cristaphyes Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (original description)
Cristaphyes abyssorum (Adrianov & Maiorova, 2015) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Cristaphyes anomalus (Lang, 1953) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Cristaphyes arctous (Adrianov, 1999 in Adrianov & Malakhov, 1999) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Cristaphyes belizensis (Higgins, 1983) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Cristaphyes carinatus (Zelinka, 1912) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Cristaphyes chilensis (Lang, 1953) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Cristaphyes chukchiensis (Higgins, 1991) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Cristaphyes cristatus (Sánchez, Rho, Min, Kim & Sørensen, 2013) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Cristaphyes cryopygus (Higgins & Kristensen, 1988) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Cristaphyes furugelmi (Adrianov, 1999 in Adrianov & Malakhov, 1999) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Cristaphyes longicornis (Higgins, 1983) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Cristaphyes nubilis (Sánchez, Pardos & Sørensen, 2014) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Cristaphyes odhneri (Lang, 1949) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Cristaphyes phyllotropis (Brown & Higgins, 1983) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Cristaphyes rabaulensis (Adrianov, 1999 in Adrianov & Malakhov, 1999) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Cristaphyes spinosus (Lang, 1949) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Cristaphyes yushini (Adrianov, 1989) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Echinoderes rex Lundbye, Rho & Sørensen, 2011 (additional source)
Fujuriphyes Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (original description)
Fujuriphyes deirophorus (Higgins, 1983) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Fujuriphyes distentus (Higgins, 1983) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Fujuriphyes ponticus (Reinhard, 1881) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Fujuriphyes rugosus (Zelinka, 1928) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Higginsium Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (original description)
Higginsium cataphractum (Higgins, 1961) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Higginsium dolichurum (Sánchez, Pardos, Herranz & Benito, 2011) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Higginsium erismatum (Higgins, 1983) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Higginsium trisetosum (Higgins, 1983) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Homalorhagae accepted as Allomalorhagida (new combination reference)
Homalorhagida accepted as Allomalorhagida (new combination reference)
Kinorhynchus Sheremetevskij, 1974 (new combination reference)
Kinorhynchus anomalus (Lang, 1953) accepted as Cristaphyes anomalus (Lang, 1953) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Kinorhynchus apotomus Higgins, 1983 accepted as Pycnophyes apotomus (Higgins, 1983) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Kinorhynchus belizensis Higgins, 1983 accepted as Cristaphyes belizensis (Higgins, 1983) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Kinorhynchus cataphractus (Higgins, 1961) accepted as Higginsium cataphractum (Higgins, 1961) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Kinorhynchus deirophorus Higgins, 1983 accepted as Fujuriphyes deirophorus (Higgins, 1983) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Kinorhynchus distentus Higgins, 1983 accepted as Fujuriphyes distentus (Higgins, 1983) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Kinorhynchus erismatus Higgins, 1983 accepted as Higginsium erismatum (Higgins, 1983) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Kinorhynchus fimbriatus Higgins, 1982 accepted as Leiocanthus fimbriatus (Higgins, 1982) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 accepted as Leiocanthus langi (Higgins, 1964) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Kinorhynchus giganteus (Zelinka, 1908) Sheremetevskij, 1974 accepted as Pycnophyes giganteus (Zelinka, 1908) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Kinorhynchus ilyocryptus (Higgins, 1961) accepted as Pycnophyes ilyocryptus (Higgins, 1961) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Kinorhynchus langi (Higgins, 1964) accepted as Leiocanthus langi (Higgins, 1964) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Kinorhynchus mainensis (Blake, 1930) accepted as Leiocanthus mainensis (Blake, 1930) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Kinorhynchus paraneapolitanus Sheremetevskij, 1974 accepted as Pycnophyes paraneapolitanus (Sheremetevskij, 1974) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Kinorhynchus phyllotropis Brown & Higgins, 1983 accepted as Cristaphyes phyllotropis (Brown & Higgins, 1983) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Kinorhynchus rabaulensis Adrianov, 1999 in Adrianov & Malakhov, 1999 accepted as Cristaphyes rabaulensis (Adrianov, 1999 in Adrianov & Malakhov, 1999) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Kinorhynchus spinosus (Lang, 1949) accepted as Cristaphyes spinosus (Lang, 1949) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Kinorhynchus stenopygus Higgins, 1983 accepted as Pycnophyes stenopygus (Higgins, 1983) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Kinorhynchus trisetosus Higgins, 1983 accepted as Higginsium trisetosum (Higgins, 1983) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Kinorhynchus yushini Adrianov, 1989 accepted as Cristaphyes yushini (Adrianov, 1989) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Krakenella Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (original description)
Krakenella argentinensis (Martorelli & Higgins, 2004) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Krakenella barentsi (Adrianov, 1999 in Adrianov & Malakhov, 1999) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Krakenella borealis (Higgins & Korczynski, 1989) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Krakenella canadensis (Higgins & Korczynski, 1989) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Krakenella farinellii (Sánchez, Pardos & Sørensen, 2014) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Krakenella galtsovae (Adrianov, 1999 in Adrianov & Malakhov, 1999) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Krakenella greenlandica (Higgins & Kristensen, 1988) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Krakenella maxima (Reimer, 1963) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Krakenella mokievskii (Adrianov, 1995) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Krakenella smaug (Sánchez, Rho, Min, Kim & Sørensen, 2013) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Krakenella spitsbergensis (Adrianov, 1995) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Leiocanthus Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (original description)
Leiocanthus chalgap (Sánchez, Rho, Min, Kim & Sørensen, 2013) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Leiocanthus corrugatus (Higgins, 1983) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Leiocanthus ecphantor (Higgins, 1983) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Leiocanthus emarginatus (Higgins, 1983) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Leiocanthus faveolus (Brown, 1999 in Adrianov & Malakhov, 1999) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Leiocanthus fimbriatus (Higgins, 1982) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 accepted as Leiocanthus langi (Higgins, 1964) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Leiocanthus lageria (Sánchez, Herranz, Benito & Pardos, 2014) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Leiocanthus langi (Higgins, 1964) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Leiocanthus mainensis (Blake, 1930) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Leiocanthus pardosi (Sánchez, Rho, Min, Kim & Sørensen, 2013) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Leiocanthus sculptus (Lang, 1949) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Paracentrophyes anurus Sørensen, Pardos, Herranz & Rho, 2010 (additional source)
Paracentrophyes quadridentatus (Zelinka, 1928) (additional source)
Pycnophyes abyssorum Adrianov & Maiorova, 2015 accepted as Cristaphyes abyssorum (Adrianov & Maiorova, 2015) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Pycnophyes apotomus (Higgins, 1983) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Pycnophyes arctous Adrianov, 1999 in Adrianov & Malakhov, 1999 accepted as Cristaphyes arctous (Adrianov, 1999 in Adrianov & Malakhov, 1999) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Pycnophyes argentinensis Martorelli & Higgins, 2004 accepted as Krakenella argentinensis (Martorelli & Higgins, 2004) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Pycnophyes australensis Lemburg, 2002 accepted as Setaphyes australensis (Lemburg, 2002) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Pycnophyes barentsi Adrianov, 1999 in Adrianov & Malakhov, 1999 accepted as Krakenella barentsi (Adrianov, 1999 in Adrianov & Malakhov, 1999) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Pycnophyes borealis Higgins & Korczynski, 1989 accepted as Krakenella borealis (Higgins & Korczynski, 1989) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Pycnophyes canadensis Higgins & Korczynski, 1989 accepted as Krakenella canadensis (Higgins & Korczynski, 1989) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Pycnophyes carinatus Zelinka, 1912 accepted as Cristaphyes carinatus (Zelinka, 1912) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Pycnophyes chalgap Sánchez, Rho, Min, Kim & Sørensen, 2013 accepted as Leiocanthus chalgap (Sánchez, Rho, Min, Kim & Sørensen, 2013) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Pycnophyes chukchiensis Higgins, 1991 accepted as Cristaphyes chukchiensis (Higgins, 1991) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Pycnophyes corrugatus Higgins, 1983 accepted as Leiocanthus corrugatus (Higgins, 1983) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Pycnophyes cristatus Sánchez, Rho, Min, Ki & Sørensen, 2013 accepted as Cristaphyes cristatus (Sánchez, Rho, Min, Kim & Sørensen, 2013) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Pycnophyes dentatus (Reinhard, 1881) accepted as Setaphyes dentatus (Reinhard, 1881) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Pycnophyes dolichurus Sánchez, Pardos, Herranz & Benito, 2011 accepted as Higginsium dolichurum (Sánchez, Pardos, Herranz & Benito, 2011) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Pycnophyes ecphantor Higgins, 1983 accepted as Leiocanthus ecphantor (Higgins, 1983) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Pycnophyes emarginatus Higgins, 1983 accepted as Leiocanthus emarginatus (Higgins, 1983) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Pycnophyes farinellii Sánchez, Pardos & Sørensen, 2014 accepted as Krakenella farinellii (Sánchez, Pardos & Sørensen, 2014) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Pycnophyes faveolus Brown, 1999 in Adrianov & Malakhov, 1999 accepted as Leiocanthus faveolus (Brown, 1999 in Adrianov & Malakhov, 1999) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Pycnophyes flaveolatus Zelinka, 1908 accepted as Setaphyes flaveolatus (Zelinka, 1908) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Pycnophyes furugelmi Adrianov, 1999 in Adrianov & Malakhov, 1999 accepted as Cristaphyes furugelmi (Adrianov, 1999 in Adrianov & Malakhov, 1999) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Pycnophyes galtsovae Adrianov, 1999 in Adrianov & Malakhov, 1999 accepted as Krakenella galtsovae (Adrianov, 1999 in Adrianov & Malakhov, 1999) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Pycnophyes giganteus (Zelinka, 1908) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Cristaphyes abyssorum (Adrianov & Maiorova, 2015) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Cristaphyes anomalus (Lang, 1953) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Cristaphyes arctous (Adrianov, 1999 in Adrianov & Malakhov, 1999) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Cristaphyes belizensis (Higgins, 1983) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Cristaphyes carinatus (Zelinka, 1912) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Cristaphyes chilensis (Lang, 1953) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Cristaphyes chukchiensis (Higgins, 1991) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Cristaphyes cristatus (Sánchez, Rho, Min, Kim & Sørensen, 2013) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Cristaphyes cryopygus (Higgins & Kristensen, 1988) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Cristaphyes furugelmi (Adrianov, 1999 in Adrianov & Malakhov, 1999) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Cristaphyes longicornis (Higgins, 1983) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Cristaphyes nubilis (Sánchez, Pardos & Sørensen, 2014) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Cristaphyes odhneri (Lang, 1949) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Cristaphyes phyllotropis (Brown & Higgins, 1983) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Cristaphyes rabaulensis (Adrianov, 1999 in Adrianov & Malakhov, 1999) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Cristaphyes spinosus (Lang, 1949) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Cristaphyes yushini (Adrianov, 1989) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Echinoderes rex Lundbye, Rho & Sørensen, 2011 (additional source)
Fujuriphyes Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (original description)
Fujuriphyes deirophorus (Higgins, 1983) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Fujuriphyes distentus (Higgins, 1983) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Fujuriphyes ponticus (Reinhard, 1881) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Fujuriphyes rugosus (Zelinka, 1928) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Higginsium Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (original description)
Higginsium cataphractum (Higgins, 1961) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Higginsium dolichurum (Sánchez, Pardos, Herranz & Benito, 2011) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Higginsium erismatum (Higgins, 1983) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Higginsium trisetosum (Higgins, 1983) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Homalorhagae accepted as Allomalorhagida (new combination reference)
Homalorhagida accepted as Allomalorhagida (new combination reference)
Kinorhynchus Sheremetevskij, 1974 (new combination reference)
Kinorhynchus anomalus (Lang, 1953) accepted as Cristaphyes anomalus (Lang, 1953) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Kinorhynchus apotomus Higgins, 1983 accepted as Pycnophyes apotomus (Higgins, 1983) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Kinorhynchus belizensis Higgins, 1983 accepted as Cristaphyes belizensis (Higgins, 1983) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Kinorhynchus cataphractus (Higgins, 1961) accepted as Higginsium cataphractum (Higgins, 1961) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Kinorhynchus deirophorus Higgins, 1983 accepted as Fujuriphyes deirophorus (Higgins, 1983) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Kinorhynchus distentus Higgins, 1983 accepted as Fujuriphyes distentus (Higgins, 1983) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Kinorhynchus erismatus Higgins, 1983 accepted as Higginsium erismatum (Higgins, 1983) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Kinorhynchus fimbriatus Higgins, 1982 accepted as Leiocanthus fimbriatus (Higgins, 1982) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 accepted as Leiocanthus langi (Higgins, 1964) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Kinorhynchus giganteus (Zelinka, 1908) Sheremetevskij, 1974 accepted as Pycnophyes giganteus (Zelinka, 1908) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Kinorhynchus ilyocryptus (Higgins, 1961) accepted as Pycnophyes ilyocryptus (Higgins, 1961) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Kinorhynchus langi (Higgins, 1964) accepted as Leiocanthus langi (Higgins, 1964) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Kinorhynchus mainensis (Blake, 1930) accepted as Leiocanthus mainensis (Blake, 1930) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Kinorhynchus paraneapolitanus Sheremetevskij, 1974 accepted as Pycnophyes paraneapolitanus (Sheremetevskij, 1974) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Kinorhynchus phyllotropis Brown & Higgins, 1983 accepted as Cristaphyes phyllotropis (Brown & Higgins, 1983) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Kinorhynchus rabaulensis Adrianov, 1999 in Adrianov & Malakhov, 1999 accepted as Cristaphyes rabaulensis (Adrianov, 1999 in Adrianov & Malakhov, 1999) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Kinorhynchus spinosus (Lang, 1949) accepted as Cristaphyes spinosus (Lang, 1949) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Kinorhynchus stenopygus Higgins, 1983 accepted as Pycnophyes stenopygus (Higgins, 1983) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Kinorhynchus trisetosus Higgins, 1983 accepted as Higginsium trisetosum (Higgins, 1983) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Kinorhynchus yushini Adrianov, 1989 accepted as Cristaphyes yushini (Adrianov, 1989) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Krakenella Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (original description)
Krakenella argentinensis (Martorelli & Higgins, 2004) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Krakenella barentsi (Adrianov, 1999 in Adrianov & Malakhov, 1999) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Krakenella borealis (Higgins & Korczynski, 1989) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Krakenella canadensis (Higgins & Korczynski, 1989) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Krakenella farinellii (Sánchez, Pardos & Sørensen, 2014) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Krakenella galtsovae (Adrianov, 1999 in Adrianov & Malakhov, 1999) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Krakenella greenlandica (Higgins & Kristensen, 1988) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Krakenella maxima (Reimer, 1963) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Krakenella mokievskii (Adrianov, 1995) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Krakenella smaug (Sánchez, Rho, Min, Kim & Sørensen, 2013) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Krakenella spitsbergensis (Adrianov, 1995) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Leiocanthus Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (original description)
Leiocanthus chalgap (Sánchez, Rho, Min, Kim & Sørensen, 2013) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Leiocanthus corrugatus (Higgins, 1983) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Leiocanthus ecphantor (Higgins, 1983) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Leiocanthus emarginatus (Higgins, 1983) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Leiocanthus faveolus (Brown, 1999 in Adrianov & Malakhov, 1999) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Leiocanthus fimbriatus (Higgins, 1982) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 accepted as Leiocanthus langi (Higgins, 1964) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Leiocanthus lageria (Sánchez, Herranz, Benito & Pardos, 2014) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Leiocanthus langi (Higgins, 1964) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Leiocanthus mainensis (Blake, 1930) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Leiocanthus pardosi (Sánchez, Rho, Min, Kim & Sørensen, 2013) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Leiocanthus sculptus (Lang, 1949) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Paracentrophyes anurus Sørensen, Pardos, Herranz & Rho, 2010 (additional source)
Paracentrophyes quadridentatus (Zelinka, 1928) (additional source)
Pycnophyes abyssorum Adrianov & Maiorova, 2015 accepted as Cristaphyes abyssorum (Adrianov & Maiorova, 2015) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Pycnophyes apotomus (Higgins, 1983) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Pycnophyes arctous Adrianov, 1999 in Adrianov & Malakhov, 1999 accepted as Cristaphyes arctous (Adrianov, 1999 in Adrianov & Malakhov, 1999) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Pycnophyes argentinensis Martorelli & Higgins, 2004 accepted as Krakenella argentinensis (Martorelli & Higgins, 2004) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Pycnophyes australensis Lemburg, 2002 accepted as Setaphyes australensis (Lemburg, 2002) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Pycnophyes barentsi Adrianov, 1999 in Adrianov & Malakhov, 1999 accepted as Krakenella barentsi (Adrianov, 1999 in Adrianov & Malakhov, 1999) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Pycnophyes borealis Higgins & Korczynski, 1989 accepted as Krakenella borealis (Higgins & Korczynski, 1989) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Pycnophyes canadensis Higgins & Korczynski, 1989 accepted as Krakenella canadensis (Higgins & Korczynski, 1989) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Pycnophyes carinatus Zelinka, 1912 accepted as Cristaphyes carinatus (Zelinka, 1912) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Pycnophyes chalgap Sánchez, Rho, Min, Kim & Sørensen, 2013 accepted as Leiocanthus chalgap (Sánchez, Rho, Min, Kim & Sørensen, 2013) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Pycnophyes chukchiensis Higgins, 1991 accepted as Cristaphyes chukchiensis (Higgins, 1991) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Pycnophyes corrugatus Higgins, 1983 accepted as Leiocanthus corrugatus (Higgins, 1983) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Pycnophyes cristatus Sánchez, Rho, Min, Ki & Sørensen, 2013 accepted as Cristaphyes cristatus (Sánchez, Rho, Min, Kim & Sørensen, 2013) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Pycnophyes dentatus (Reinhard, 1881) accepted as Setaphyes dentatus (Reinhard, 1881) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Pycnophyes dolichurus Sánchez, Pardos, Herranz & Benito, 2011 accepted as Higginsium dolichurum (Sánchez, Pardos, Herranz & Benito, 2011) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Pycnophyes ecphantor Higgins, 1983 accepted as Leiocanthus ecphantor (Higgins, 1983) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Pycnophyes emarginatus Higgins, 1983 accepted as Leiocanthus emarginatus (Higgins, 1983) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Pycnophyes farinellii Sánchez, Pardos & Sørensen, 2014 accepted as Krakenella farinellii (Sánchez, Pardos & Sørensen, 2014) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Pycnophyes faveolus Brown, 1999 in Adrianov & Malakhov, 1999 accepted as Leiocanthus faveolus (Brown, 1999 in Adrianov & Malakhov, 1999) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Pycnophyes flaveolatus Zelinka, 1908 accepted as Setaphyes flaveolatus (Zelinka, 1908) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Pycnophyes furugelmi Adrianov, 1999 in Adrianov & Malakhov, 1999 accepted as Cristaphyes furugelmi (Adrianov, 1999 in Adrianov & Malakhov, 1999) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Pycnophyes galtsovae Adrianov, 1999 in Adrianov & Malakhov, 1999 accepted as Krakenella galtsovae (Adrianov, 1999 in Adrianov & Malakhov, 1999) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Pycnophyes giganteus (Zelinka, 1908) Sánchez, Yamasaki, Pardos, Sørensen & Martínez, 2016 (new combination reference)
Nontype ICHUM ZIHU (ICHUM) 5093, geounit Shirahama, identified as Echinoderes sensibilis Adrianov, Murakami & Shirayama, 2002
Nontype ICHUM ZIHU (ICHUM) 5094, geounit Seto Inland Sea, identified as Echinoderes rex Lundbye, Rho & Sørensen, 2011
Nontype ICHUM ZIHU (ICHUM) 5097, geounit Gulf of Naples (Italy), identified as Pycnophyes flaveolatus Zelinka, 1908
Nontype ICHUM ZIHU (ICHUM) 5098, geounit Spanish part of the Strait of Gibraltar, identified as Pycnophyes dentatus (Reinhard, 1881)
Nontype ICHUM ZIHU (ICHUM) 5099, geounit Portuguese part of the North Atlantic Ocean, identified as Pycnophyes robustus Zelinka, 1928
Nontype ICHUM ZIHU (ICHUM) 5100, geounit Gulf of Naples (Italy), identified as Pycnophyes zelinkaei Southern, 1914
Nontype ICHUM ZIHU (ICHUM) 5101, geounit Okinawa Island, identified as Pycnophyes tubuliferus Adrianov, 1989
Nontype ICHUM ZIHU (ICHUM) 5102, geounit Hokkaido, identified as Kinorhynchus yushini Adrianov, 1989
Nontype ICHUM ZIHU (ICHUM) 5094, geounit Seto Inland Sea, identified as Echinoderes rex Lundbye, Rho & Sørensen, 2011
Nontype ICHUM ZIHU (ICHUM) 5097, geounit Gulf of Naples (Italy), identified as Pycnophyes flaveolatus Zelinka, 1908
Nontype ICHUM ZIHU (ICHUM) 5098, geounit Spanish part of the Strait of Gibraltar, identified as Pycnophyes dentatus (Reinhard, 1881)
Nontype ICHUM ZIHU (ICHUM) 5099, geounit Portuguese part of the North Atlantic Ocean, identified as Pycnophyes robustus Zelinka, 1928
Nontype ICHUM ZIHU (ICHUM) 5100, geounit Gulf of Naples (Italy), identified as Pycnophyes zelinkaei Southern, 1914
Nontype ICHUM ZIHU (ICHUM) 5101, geounit Okinawa Island, identified as Pycnophyes tubuliferus Adrianov, 1989
Nontype ICHUM ZIHU (ICHUM) 5102, geounit Hokkaido, identified as Kinorhynchus yushini Adrianov, 1989
Etymology
From Latin crista crest, + Greek phyes, the commonly used suffix in names of Allomalorhagid genera. The name ... [details]
Etymology
From Fujur, the dog-dragon in the novel The Never-ending Story by M. Ende + Greek phyes, the commonly used suffix ... [details]
Etymology
To honour Dr Robert P. Higgins, a primary researcher on the phylum Kinorhyncha during the second half of the 20th ... [details]
Etymology
From Kraken, marine monster of the Scandinavian mythology + Latin -ella diminutive suffix. Feminine gender. [details]
Etymology
From Greek leio, smooth, even and kanthus, edge, border. Masculine gender. [details]
Etymology
From Latin seta, seta, hair + Greek phyes, the commonly used suffix in names of Allomalorhagid genera. The name ... [details]