Kaye, H.R.; Reiswig, H.M. (1991). Sexual reproduction in four Caribbean commercial sponges. III. Larval behaviour, settlement and metamorphosis. Invertebrate Reproduction and Development. 19 (1): 25-35.

379236

Kaye, H.R.; Reiswig, H.M.

1991

19 (1): 25-35

Publication

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Larval behaviour, settlement, and metamorphosis were investigated in four Caribbean commercial sponges, Hippospongia lachne, Spongia barbara, S. cheiris and S. graminea, using light and transmission electron microscopy. The parenchymella larvae of these viviparous and gonochoristic species have an average size of 350pm by 420pm when released. Symbiotic bacteria occur intercellularly in both larvae and post-larvae. Laboratory behavioural studies demonstrate that free-swimming larvae display directional swimming with constant lateral rotation and negative phototaxis. Larval settlement occurs 2656 hours after release from the parent and involves the formation of a basal lamella between the post-larva and substrate. There is no evidence of larval substrate selection by type or orientation. The canal system begins to form six days after settlement and oscules are apparent eleven days post-settlement. Available evidence suggests that larval ciliated epithelial cells are terminally differentiated and do not appear to contribute to formation of post larva or adult in this group of Porifera.

Caribbean region

Reproduction

Porifera

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