WoRMS source details
Hooper, J. N. A. (2002 [2004]). Family Desmoxyidae Hallmann, 1917. Pp. 755–772. In: Hooper, J.N.A.; Van Soest, R.W.M. (2002 [2004]). Systema Porifera. A Guide to the Classification of Sponges. (2 volumes). Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publ., New York. 1708+xlviii. ISBN 978-1-4615-0747-5 (eBook electronic version).
404772
Hooper, J. N. A.
2002 [2004]
Family Desmoxyidae Hallmann, 1917. Pp. 755–772. <em>In: </em>Hooper, J.N.A.; Van Soest, R.W.M. (2002 [2004])
Systema Porifera. A Guide to the Classification of Sponges
(2 volumes). Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publ., New York. 1708+xlviii. ISBN 978-1-4615-0747-5 (eBook electronic version)
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Desmoxyidae Hallmann (Demospongiae, Halichondrida) contains 19 genera, 10 of which are recognised here, and probably less than 100 species worldwide. Desmoxyids are widely distributed and live mainly in shallow coastal waters but a few have also been recorded from 1300m depth. Major morphological characters diagnostic for the family include spined or smooth diactinal microscleres (oxeas or strongyles), often centrangulate or strongly bent centrally, localised in the ectosomal region; choanosomal skeleton with monactinal (styles or tylostyles) and/or diactinal spicules forming confused reticulate tracts or widely spaced, irregular muitispicular bundles bound together by sparse collagen, or enclosed in poorly developed fibres; microscleres also sometimes include raphides occurring singly or in bundles (trichodragmata), or acanthose microrhabds (sanidaster-like), acanthose cladotoxa and birotules.
Systematics, Taxonomy
Date
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by
Acanthoclada Bergquist, 1970 (basis of record)
Acanthoclada prostrata Bergquist, 1970 (basis of record)
Acanthoxifer Dendy, 1905 accepted as Myrmekioderma Ehlers, 1870 (basis of record)
Acanthoxifer fourmanoiri Lévi, 1956 accepted as Myrmekioderma granulatum (Esper, 1829) (source of synonymy)
Alcyonium granulatum Esper, 1829 accepted as Myrmekioderma granulatum (Esper, 1829) (additional source)
Allantella Hallmann, 1917 accepted as Higginsia Higgin, 1877 (source of synonymy)
Allantella arborea (Keller, 1891) accepted as Higginsia arborea (Keller, 1891) (source of synonymy)
Alloscleria Topsent, 1927 (redescription)
Anacanthaea Row, 1911 accepted as Myrmekioderma Ehlers, 1870 (basis of record)
Anacanthaea nivea Row, 1911 accepted as Myrmekioderma niveum (Row, 1911) (additional source)
Bubaris gallica Topsent, 1893 accepted as Halicnemia gallica (Topsent, 1893) (basis of record)
Dendropsis Ridley & Dendy, 1886 accepted as Higginsia Higgin, 1877 (basis of record)
Dendropsis bidentifera Ridley & Dendy, 1886 accepted as Higginsia bidentifera (Ridley & Dendy, 1886) (basis of record)
Desmoxya Hallmann, 1917 (additional source)
Desmoxyidae Hallmann, 1917 (taxonomy source)
Didiscus Dendy, 1922 (additional source)
Epipolasis suluensis (Wilson, 1925) (basis of record)
Halicnemia Bowerbank, 1864 (taxonomy source)
Halicnemia tenuispinosa (Topsent, 1927) accepted as Alloscleria tenuispinosa Topsent, 1927 (source of synonymy)
Heteroxyidae Dendy, 1905 (additional source)
Higginsia Higgin, 1877 (taxonomy source)
Higginsia arborea (Keller, 1891) (basis of record)
Higginsia bidentifera (Ridley & Dendy, 1886) (basis of record)
Higginsia coralloides Higgin, 1877 (basis of record)
Higginsia lunata Carter, 1885 accepted as Desmoxya lunata (Carter, 1885) (source of synonymy)
Higginsia massalis Carter, 1885 (basis of record)
Higginsia natalensis Carter, 1885 (basis of record)
Julavis de Laubenfels, 1936 (additional source)
Julavis levis (Kirkpatrick, 1900) (basis of record)
Microxistyla Topsent, 1928 (basis of record)
Microxistyla petrina Topsent, 1928 (basis of record)
Myrmekioderma Ehlers, 1870 (basis of record)
Myrmekioderma granulatum (Esper, 1829) (additional source)
Myrmekioderma spelaeum (Pulitzer-Finali, 1983) (basis of record)
Negombo Dendy, 1905 (basis of record)
Negombo kellyae Hooper, 2002 (original description)
Negombo tenuistellata Dendy, 1905 (basis of record)
Neoprosypa de Laubenfels, 1954 accepted as Myrmekioderma Ehlers, 1870 (basis of record)
Neoprosypa atina de Laubenfels, 1954 accepted as Myrmekioderma granulatum (Esper, 1829) (basis of record)
Oxylatrunculia Hoshino, 1981 accepted as Negombo Dendy, 1905 (basis of record)
Parahigginsia Dendy, 1924 (basis of record)
Parahigginsia phakelloides Dendy, 1924 (basis of record)
Quindesmia de Laubenfels, 1950 accepted as Halicnemia Bowerbank, 1864 (basis of record)
Spongosorites suluensis Wilson, 1925 accepted as Epipolasis suluensis (Wilson, 1925) (basis of record)
Tedania levis Kirkpatrick, 1900 accepted as Julavis levis (Kirkpatrick, 1900) (basis of record)
Acanthoclada prostrata Bergquist, 1970 (basis of record)
Acanthoxifer Dendy, 1905 accepted as Myrmekioderma Ehlers, 1870 (basis of record)
Acanthoxifer fourmanoiri Lévi, 1956 accepted as Myrmekioderma granulatum (Esper, 1829) (source of synonymy)
Alcyonium granulatum Esper, 1829 accepted as Myrmekioderma granulatum (Esper, 1829) (additional source)
Allantella Hallmann, 1917 accepted as Higginsia Higgin, 1877 (source of synonymy)
Allantella arborea (Keller, 1891) accepted as Higginsia arborea (Keller, 1891) (source of synonymy)
Alloscleria Topsent, 1927 (redescription)
Anacanthaea Row, 1911 accepted as Myrmekioderma Ehlers, 1870 (basis of record)
Anacanthaea nivea Row, 1911 accepted as Myrmekioderma niveum (Row, 1911) (additional source)
Bubaris gallica Topsent, 1893 accepted as Halicnemia gallica (Topsent, 1893) (basis of record)
Dendropsis Ridley & Dendy, 1886 accepted as Higginsia Higgin, 1877 (basis of record)
Dendropsis bidentifera Ridley & Dendy, 1886 accepted as Higginsia bidentifera (Ridley & Dendy, 1886) (basis of record)
Desmoxya Hallmann, 1917 (additional source)
Desmoxyidae Hallmann, 1917 (taxonomy source)
Didiscus Dendy, 1922 (additional source)
Epipolasis suluensis (Wilson, 1925) (basis of record)
Halicnemia Bowerbank, 1864 (taxonomy source)
Halicnemia tenuispinosa (Topsent, 1927) accepted as Alloscleria tenuispinosa Topsent, 1927 (source of synonymy)
Heteroxyidae Dendy, 1905 (additional source)
Higginsia Higgin, 1877 (taxonomy source)
Higginsia arborea (Keller, 1891) (basis of record)
Higginsia bidentifera (Ridley & Dendy, 1886) (basis of record)
Higginsia coralloides Higgin, 1877 (basis of record)
Higginsia lunata Carter, 1885 accepted as Desmoxya lunata (Carter, 1885) (source of synonymy)
Higginsia massalis Carter, 1885 (basis of record)
Higginsia natalensis Carter, 1885 (basis of record)
Julavis de Laubenfels, 1936 (additional source)
Julavis levis (Kirkpatrick, 1900) (basis of record)
Microxistyla Topsent, 1928 (basis of record)
Microxistyla petrina Topsent, 1928 (basis of record)
Myrmekioderma Ehlers, 1870 (basis of record)
Myrmekioderma granulatum (Esper, 1829) (additional source)
Myrmekioderma spelaeum (Pulitzer-Finali, 1983) (basis of record)
Negombo Dendy, 1905 (basis of record)
Negombo kellyae Hooper, 2002 (original description)
Negombo tenuistellata Dendy, 1905 (basis of record)
Neoprosypa de Laubenfels, 1954 accepted as Myrmekioderma Ehlers, 1870 (basis of record)
Neoprosypa atina de Laubenfels, 1954 accepted as Myrmekioderma granulatum (Esper, 1829) (basis of record)
Oxylatrunculia Hoshino, 1981 accepted as Negombo Dendy, 1905 (basis of record)
Parahigginsia Dendy, 1924 (basis of record)
Parahigginsia phakelloides Dendy, 1924 (basis of record)
Quindesmia de Laubenfels, 1950 accepted as Halicnemia Bowerbank, 1864 (basis of record)
Spongosorites suluensis Wilson, 1925 accepted as Epipolasis suluensis (Wilson, 1925) (basis of record)
Tedania levis Kirkpatrick, 1900 accepted as Julavis levis (Kirkpatrick, 1900) (basis of record)
