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Brummer, G.-J. A. and Kučera, M. (2022). Taxonomic review of living planktonic foraminifera. Journal of Micropaleontology. 41, 29-74.
425624
10.5194/jm-41-29-2022 [view]
Brummer, G.-J. A. and Kučera, M.
2022
Taxonomic review of living planktonic foraminifera.
Journal of Micropaleontology
41, 29-74
Publication
Available for editors  PDF available [request]
Applications of fossil shells of planktonic foraminifera to decipher past environmental change and plankton evolution require a robust operational taxonomy. In this respect, extant planktonic foraminifera provide an opportunity for benchmarking the dominantly morphological species concepts and classification of the group by considering ecological, physiological and genetic characters. Although the basic framework of the taxonomy of extant planktonic foraminifera has been stable for half a century, many details have changed, not the least in light of genetic evidence. In this contribution, we review the current taxonomy of living planktonic foraminifera, presenting a comprehensive standard that emerged from the meetings and consultations of the SCOR/IGBP Working Group 138 “Planktonic foraminifera and ocean changes”.We present a comprehensive annotated list of 50 species and subspecies recognized among living planktonic foraminifera and evaluate their generic and suprageneric classification. As a result, we recommend replacing the commonly used names Globorotalia menardii by G. cultrata and Globorotalia theyeri by G. eastropacia, recognize Globorotaloides oveyi as a neglected but valid living species, and propose transferring the three extant species previously assigned to Tenuitella into a separate genus, Tenuitellita. We review the status of types and designate lectotypes for Globoturborotalita rubescens and Globigerinita uvula. We further provide an annotated list of synonyms and other names that have been applied previously to living planktonic foraminifera and outline the reasons for their exclusion. Finally, we provide recommendations on how the presented classification scheme should be used in operational taxonomy for the benefit of producing replicable and interoperable census counts.
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Alloglobigerinoides Huang, 1986 accepted as Globigerinoides Cushman, 1927 (source of synonymy)
Beella chathamensis McCulloch, 1977 accepted as Beella digitata (Brady, 1879) (source of synonymy)
Beella discors McCulloch, 1977 accepted as Globigerinella adamsi (Banner & Blow, 1959) (source of synonymy)
Beella guadalupensis McCulloch, 1977 accepted as Beella digitata (Brady, 1879) (source of synonymy)
Beella megastoma (Earland, 1934) accepted as Beella digitata (Brady, 1879) (source of synonymy)
Biorbulina Blow, 1956 accepted as Orbulina d'Orbigny, 1839 (source of synonymy)
Bolivina tokelauae Boersma in Kierstead et al., 1969 accepted as Streptochilus tokelauae (Boersma, 1969) accepted as Streptochilus globulosum (Cushman, 1933) (taxonomy source)
Candeina milletti Dollfus, 1905 accepted as Candeina nitida d'Orbigny, 1839 (source of synonymy)
Coscinosphaera ciliosa Stuart, 1866 accepted as Orbulina universa d'Orbigny, 1839 (source of synonymy)
Globigerina (Orbulina) acerosa Owen, 1868 accepted as Orbulina universa d'Orbigny, 1839 (source of synonymy)
Globigerina (Orbulina) continens Owen, 1868 accepted as Orbulina universa d'Orbigny, 1839 (source of synonymy)
Globigerina aequilateralis var. involuta Cushman, 1917 accepted as Globigerina aequilateralis Brady, 1879 accepted as Globigerinella siphonifera (d'Orbigny, 1839) (source of synonymy)
Globigerina atlantis Bermúdez, 1961 accepted as Pulleniatina obliquiloculata (Parker & Jones, 1865) (source of synonymy)
Globigerina atlantisae Cifelli & Smith, 1970 accepted as Tenuitella iota (Parker, 1962) accepted as Tenuitellita iota (Parker, 1962) (source of synonymy)
Globigerina bermudezi Seiglie, 1963 accepted as Globigerina bulloides d'Orbigny, 1826 (source of synonymy)
Globigerina borealis Brady, 1881 accepted as Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (Ehrenberg, 1861) (source of synonymy)
Globigerina bradyi Wiesner, 1931 accepted as Globigerinita uvula (Ehrenberg, 1861) (source of synonymy)
Globigerina bulloides var. recumbens Rhumbler, 1901 accepted as Trilobatus sacculifer (Brady, 1877) (source of synonymy)
Globigerina canariensis d'Orbigny, 1839 accepted as Globigerinoides elongata (d'Orbigny, 1826) accepted as Globigerinoides elongatus (d'Orbigny, 1826) (source of synonymy)
Globigerina cariacoensis Rögl & Bolli, 1973 accepted as Globigerina bulloides d'Orbigny, 1826 (source of synonymy)
Globigerina clippertonensis McCulloch, 1977 accepted as Globorotaloides hexagonus (Natland, 1938) (source of synonymy)
Globigerina cretacea var. eggeri Heron-Allen & Earland, 1922 accepted as Turborotalia humilis (Brady, 1884) accepted as Turborotalita humilis (Brady, 1884) (source of synonymy)
Globigerina cristatiformis McCulloch, 1977 accepted as Turborotalia humilis (Brady, 1884) accepted as Turborotalita humilis (Brady, 1884) (source of synonymy)
Globigerina cyclostoma Galloway & Wissler, 1927 accepted as Globigerinoides elongatus (d'Orbigny, 1826) (source of synonymy)
Globigerina dubia Egger, 1857 † accepted as Globigerinoides elongata (d'Orbigny, 1826) accepted as Globigerinoides elongatus (d'Orbigny, 1826) (source of synonymy)
Globigerina eggeri Rhumbler, 1901 accepted as Neogloboquadrina dutertrei (d'Orbigny, 1839) (source of synonymy)
Globigerina eggeriformis McCulloch, 1977 accepted as Neogloboquadrina dutertrei (d'Orbigny, 1839) (source of synonymy)
Globigerina exumbilicata Herman, 1974 accepted as Turborotalita quinqueloba (Natland, 1938) (source of synonymy)
Globigerina galapagosensis McCulloch, 1977 accepted as Neogloboquadrina dutertrei (d'Orbigny, 1839) (source of synonymy)
Globigerina groenlandica Shchedrina, 1946 accepted as Turborotalita quinqueloba (Natland, 1938) (source of synonymy)
Globigerina hancocki McCulloch, 1977 accepted as Neogloboquadrina dutertrei (d'Orbigny, 1839) (source of synonymy)
Globigerina helicina d'Orbigny, 1826 accepted as Neogloboquadrina dutertrei (d'Orbigny, 1839) (source of synonymy)
Globigerina hybrida McCulloch, 1977 accepted as Neogloboquadrina dutertrei (d'Orbigny, 1839) (source of synonymy)
Globigerina nipponica Asano, 1957 accepted as Globorotalia inflata (d'Orbigny, 1839) accepted as Globoconella inflata (d'Orbigny, 1839) (source of synonymy)
Globigerina paraobesa Herman, 1974 accepted as Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (Ehrenberg, 1861) (source of synonymy)
Globigerina partidiana McCulloch, 1977 accepted as Neogloboquadrina dutertrei (d'Orbigny, 1839) (source of synonymy)
Globigerina pyriporosa Rhumbler, 1911 accepted as Neogloboquadrina dutertrei (d'Orbigny, 1839) (source of synonymy)
Globigerina quadrilatera Galloway & Wissler, 1927 accepted as Globigerina bulloides d'Orbigny, 1826 (source of synonymy)
Globigerina quinqueloba subsp. egelida Cifelli & Smith, 1970 accepted as Turborotalia quinqueloba (Natland, 1938) accepted as Turborotalita quinqueloba (Natland, 1938) (source of synonymy)
Globigerina rosacea Bermúdez & Seiglie, 1963 accepted as Globoturborotalita rubescens (Hofker, 1956) (source of synonymy)
Globigerina santamariaensis McCulloch, 1977 accepted as Pulleniatina obliquiloculata (Parker & Jones, 1865) (source of synonymy)
Globigerina umbilicata Orr & Zaitzeff, 1971 accepted as Globigerina bulloides d'Orbigny, 1826 (source of synonymy)
Globigerinita bikiniensis McCulloch, 1977 accepted as Turborotalia humilis (Brady, 1884) accepted as Turborotalita humilis (Brady, 1884) (source of synonymy)
Globigerinita flparkerae Brönnimann & Resig, 1971 accepted as Globigerinita glutinata (Egger, 1893) (source of synonymy)
Globigerinoides elongata subsp. bikiniensis McCulloch, 1977 accepted as Globigerinoides elongata (d'Orbigny, 1826) accepted as Globigerinoides elongatus (d'Orbigny, 1826) (source of synonymy)
Globigerinoides elongata subsp. cedrosensis McCulloch, 1977 accepted as Globigerinoides elongata (d'Orbigny, 1826) accepted as Globigerinoides elongatus (d'Orbigny, 1826) (source of synonymy)
Globigerinoides gomitulus (Seguenza, 1880) accepted as Globigerinoides elongata (d'Orbigny, 1826) accepted as Globigerinoides elongatus (d'Orbigny, 1826) (source of synonymy)
Globigerinoides parkerae Bermúdez, 1961 accepted as Globigerinita glutinata subsp. flparkerae Brönnimann & Resig, 1971 † accepted as Globigerinita flparkerae Brönnimann & Resig, 1971 accepted as Globigerinita glutinata (Egger, 1893) (source of synonymy)
Globigerinoides quadrilobatus subsp. hystricosus Belford, 1962 accepted as Globigerinoides sacculifera (Brady, 1877) accepted as Trilobatus sacculifer (Brady, 1877) (source of synonymy)
Globoquadrina patriciae McCulloch, 1977 accepted as Globorotalia (Globorotalia) hirsuta (d'Orbigny, 1839) accepted as Globorotalia hirsuta (d'Orbigny, 1839) (source of synonymy)
Globorotalia (Clavatorella) oveyi Buckley, 1974 accepted as Globorotaloides oveyi Buckley, 1973 (source of synonymy)
Globorotalia (Globorotalia) tumida subsp. lata Brönnimann & Resig, 1971 accepted as Globorotalia tumida (Brady, 1877) (source of synonymy)
Globorotalia (Turborotalia) palpebra Brönnimann & Resig, 1971 accepted as Globigerina falconensis Blow, 1959 (source of synonymy)
Globorotalia (Turborotalia) planispira Brönnimann & Resig, 1971 accepted as Neogloboquadrina incompta (Cifelli, 1961) (source of synonymy)
Globorotalia akersi Snyder, 1975 accepted as Globorotalia (Globorotalia) cultrata (d'Orbigny, 1839) accepted as Globorotalia menardii (d'Orbigny in Parker, Jones & Brady, 1865) † (source of synonymy)
Globorotalia crozetensis Thompson, 1973 accepted as Globorotalia cavernula Bé, 1967 (source of synonymy)
Globorotalia cultrata (d'Orbigny, 1839) (source of synonymy)
Globorotalia excelsa Sprovieri, 1980 accepted as Globorotalia truncatulinoides (d'Orbigny, 1839) (source of synonymy)
Globorotalia flexuosa (Koch, 1923) † accepted as Globorotalia (Globorotalia) tumida (Brady, 1877) † represented as Globorotalia tumida (Brady, 1877) (source of synonymy)
Globorotalia hirsuta subsp. eastropacia Boltovskoy, 1974 accepted as Globorotalia eastropacia Boltovskoy, 1974 (source of synonymy)
Globorotalia menardii (d'Orbigny in Parker, Jones & Brady, 1865) † (source of synonymy)
Globorotalia menardii subsp. antarctica McCulloch, 1977 accepted as Globorotalia cultrata (d'Orbigny, 1839) (source of synonymy)
Globorotalia menardii subsp. gibberula Bé, 1977 accepted as Globorotalia (Globorotalia) cultrata (d'Orbigny, 1839) accepted as Globorotalia menardii (d'Orbigny in Parker, Jones & Brady, 1865) † (source of synonymy)
Globorotalia menardii subsp. jamesbayensis McCulloch, 1977 accepted as Globorotalia cultrata (d'Orbigny, 1839) (source of synonymy)
Globorotalia neoflexuosa Srinivasan, Kennett & Bé, 1974 accepted as Globorotalia cultrata (d'Orbigny, 1839) (source of synonymy)
Globorotalia neominutissima Bermúdez & Bolli, 1969 accepted as Turborotalita quinqueloba (Natland, 1938) (source of synonymy)
Globorotalia pachytheca Blow, 1969 accepted as Globorotalia truncatulinoides (d'Orbigny, 1839) (source of synonymy)
Globorotalia seigliei Bermúdez & Bolli, 1969 accepted as Tenuitella iota (Parker, 1962) accepted as Tenuitellita iota (Parker, 1962) (source of synonymy)
Globorotalia wilesi Thompson, 1980 accepted as Globorotalia scitula (Brady, 1882) (source of synonymy)
Hastigerina murrayi Thomson, 1876 accepted as Hastigerina pelagica (d'Orbigny, 1839) (source of synonymy)
Hastigerina parapelagica Saito & Thompson, 1976 accepted as Hastigerinella digitata (Rhumbler, 1911) (source of synonymy)
Hastigerinella frailensis McCulloch, 1977 accepted as Beella digitata (Brady, 1879) (source of synonymy)
Hastigerinopsis Saito & Thomson, 1976 accepted as Hastigerinella Cushman, 1927 (source of synonymy)
Hastigerinopsis digitiformans Saito & Thompson, 1976 accepted as Hastigerinella digitata (Rhumbler, 1911) (source of synonymy)
Hirsutella Bandy, 1972 accepted as Obandyella Haman, Huddleston & Donahue, 1981 accepted as Globorotalia Cushman, 1927 (source of synonymy)
Neoacarinina Thompson, 1973 accepted as Globorotalia Cushman, 1927 (source of synonymy)
Neoacarinina blowi Thompson, 1973 † accepted as Globorotalia inflata (d'Orbigny, 1839) accepted as Globoconella inflata (d'Orbigny, 1839) (source of synonymy)
Neogloboquadrina pachyderma subsp. dextralis Setty, 1977 accepted as Neogloboquadrina incompta (Cifelli, 1961) (source of synonymy)
Orbulina bilobata (d'Orbigny, 1846) accepted as Orbulina universa d'Orbigny, 1839 (source of synonymy)
Orbulina imperfecta Rhumbler, 1911 accepted as Orbulina universa d'Orbigny, 1839 (source of synonymy)
Orbulina parva Rhumbler, 1949 accepted as Orbulina universa d'Orbigny, 1839 (source of synonymy)
Parkerina Fordham, 1986 † (source of synonymy)
Pulleniatina finalis Banner & Blow, 1967 accepted as Pulleniatina obliquiloculata (Parker & Jones, 1865) (source of synonymy)
Pulvinulina gilberti Bagg, 1908 accepted as Globorotalia cultrata (d'Orbigny, 1839) (source of synonymy)
Sphaeroidinella dehiscens subsp. excavata Banner & Blow, 1965 accepted as Sphaeroidinella dehiscens (Parker & Jones, 1865) (source of synonymy)
Streptochilus globigerus (Schwager, 1866) accepted as Bolivina variabilis (Williamson, 1858) (taxonomy source)
Streptochilus globulosum (Cushman, 1933) (source of synonymy)
Tenuitella fleisheri Li, 1987 accepted as Tenuitellita fleisheri (Li, 1987) (source of synonymy)
Tenuitella iota (Parker, 1962) accepted as Tenuitellita iota (Parker, 1962) (source of synonymy)
Tinophodella Loeblich & Tappan, 1957 accepted as Globigerinita Brönnimann, 1951 (source of synonymy)
Toddella Fordham, 1986 † (source of synonymy)
Toddina Fordham, 1988 † accepted as Toddella Fordham, 1986 † (source of synonymy)
Turborotalita cristata (Heron-Allen & Earland, 1929) accepted as Turborotalita humilis (Brady, 1884) (source of synonymy)
 Taxonomic remark

Extant biserial species previously assigned to this genus [Streptochilus] are identical with Bolivina variabilis ... [details]

 Taxonomic remark

Extant biserial species previously assigned to this genus [Streptochilus] are identical with Bolivina variabilis ... [details]

 Taxonomic remark

Extant biserial species previously assigned to this genus [Streptochilus] are identical with Bolivina variabilis ... [details]