Decker, S. H.; Saadi, A. J.; Baranyi, C.; Hirose, M.; Lemer, S.; Sombke, A.; Aguilera, F.; Vieira, L. M.; Smith, A. M.; Waeschenbach, A.; Schwaha, T. (2024). Boring systematics: A genome skimmed phylogeny of ctenostome bryozoans and their endolithic family Penetrantiidae with the description of one new species. Ecology and Evolution. 14(4).

483784

10.1002/ece3.11276 [view]

Decker, S. H.; Saadi, A. J.; Baranyi, C.; Hirose, M.; Lemer, S.; Sombke, A.; Aguilera, F.; Vieira, L. M.; Smith, A. M.; Waeschenbach, A.; Schwaha, T.

2024

14(4)

Publication

Ctenostomes are a group of gymnolaemate bryozoans with an uncalcified chitinous body wall having few external, skeletal characters. Hence, species identification is challenging and their systematics remain poorly understood, even more so when they exhibit an endolithic (boring) lifestyle. Currently, there are four Recent families of en- dolithic bryozoans that live inside mineralized substrates like mollusk shells. In particu- lar, Penetrantiidae Silén, 1946 has received considerable attention and its systematic affinity to either cheilostomes or ctenostomes has been debated. Species delimita- tion of penetrantiids remains difficult, owing to a high degree of colonial and zooidal plasticity. Consequently, an additional molecular approach is essential to unravel the systematics of penetrantiids, their phylogenetic placement and their species diver- sity. We therefore sequenced the mitochondrial (mt) genomes and two nuclear mark- ers of 27 ctenostome species including nine penetrantiids. Our phylogeny supports the Penetrantiidae as a monophyletic group placed as sister taxon to the remaining ctenostomes alongside paludicellids, arachnidioids and terebriporids. The boring fam- ily Terebriporidae d'Orbigny, 1847 were previously considered to be among vesicular- ioids, but our results suggest an arachnidioid affinity instead. Ctenostome paraphyly is supported by our data, as the cheilostomes nest within them. A Multiporata clade is also well supported, including the former victorelloid genus Sundanella. Altogether, this study provides new insights into ctenostome systematics, assists with species delimitation and contributes to our understanding of the bryozoan tree of life

Japan

Molecular systematics, Molecular biology
Systematics, Taxonomy

Ectoprocta

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