WoRMS source details
Bakken, Torkild; Wilson, Robin S. (2005). Phylogeny of nereidids (Polychaeta, Nereididae) with paragnaths. Zoologica Scripta. 34(5): 507-547.
49062
10.1111/j.1463-6409.2005.00200.x [view]
Bakken, Torkild; Wilson, Robin S.
2005
Phylogeny of nereidids (Polychaeta, Nereididae) with paragnaths
Zoologica Scripta
34(5): 507-547
Publication
World Polychaeta Database (WPolyDb)
Available for editors 
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A phylogenetic analysis was conducted of the Nereidinae — those members of the Nereididae (Polychaeta) with pharyngeal paragnaths. We had two objectives: to test the monophyly of currently accepted genera, subgenera and informal subgeneric groupings within the Nereidinae, and, if warranted, to propose a more natural classification of the Nereidinae. Parsimony analyses were undertaken, including 52 terminal taxa from all genera and informal groupings from the large heterogeneous genera Nereis, Ceratonereis, Neanthes and Perinereis. Analyses of a character set of 52 informative characters yielded more than 10 000 equally parsimonious trees with a length of 176 steps (consistency index [CI] = 0.34, retention index [RI] = 0.66). Reweighting three times resulted in 445 most parsimonious trees with length 54.62 (CI = 0.59, RI = 0.79). Many characters widely used in nereidid systematics were found to exhibit high levels of homoplasy. The most parsimonious trees could not be rooted such that the selected ingroup, ‘Nereididae with paragnaths’, was monophyletic, causing us to reject the monophyly of the Nereidinae as currently defined. The following genera were well supported by the parsimony analyses and are newly diagnosed: Alitta, Ceratonereis, Pseudonereis, Simplisetia, Solomononereis and Unanereis. Alitta succinea, Pseudonereis cortezi, Pseudonereis noodti and Pseudonereis pseudonoodti are proposed as new combinations. The parsimony analysis supported the monophyly of neither Composetia, Neanthes, Nereis and Perinereis nor of any new groupings of remaining species presently placed in those genera. It is these poorly supported genera that comprise most species of Nereididae.
Phylogeny, Phylogenesis
Systematics, Taxonomy
Systematics, Taxonomy
Alitta Kinberg, 1865 (taxonomy source)
Alitta brandti Malmgren, 1865 (status source)
Alitta succinea (Leuckart, 1847) (additional source)
Alitta virens (M. Sars, 1835) (taxonomy source)
Australonereis ehlersi (Augener, 1913) (redescription)
Ceratonereis (Simplisetia) Hartmann-Schröder, 1985 accepted as Simplisetia Hartmann-Schröder, 1985 (status source)
Ceratonereis (Simplisetia) amphidonta Hutchings & Turvey, 1982 accepted as Simplisetia amphidonta (Hutchings & Turvey, 1982) (new combination reference)
Ceratonereis aequisetis (Augener, 1913) accepted as Simplisetia aequisetis (Augener, 1913) (basis of record)
Ceratonereis amphidonta Hutchings & Turvey, 1982 accepted as Simplisetia amphidonta (Hutchings & Turvey, 1982) (new combination reference)
Ceratonereis mirabilis Kinberg, 1865 (redescription)
Ceratonereis perkinsi Hartmann-Schröder, 1985 represented as Ceratonereis (Ceratonereis) perkinsi Hartmann-Schröder, 1985 (redescription)
Ceratonereis transversa Hutchings & Turvey, 1982 accepted as Simplisetia transversa (Hutchings & Turvey, 1982) (new combination reference)
Cheilonereis cyclurus (Harrington, 1897) (redescription)
Composetia Hartmann-Schröder, 1985 (redescription)
Composetia irritabilis (Webster, 1879) accepted as Parasetia irritabilis (Webster, 1879) (redescription)
Composetia scotiae (Berkeley & Berkeley, 1956) (redescription)
Eunereis longissima (Johnston, 1840) (redescription)
Eunereis paitillae Fauchald, 1977 (redescription)
Hediste Malmgren, 1867 (status source)
Hediste diversicolor (O.F. Müller, 1776) (redescription)
Hediste kermadeca Kirkegaard, 1995 (status source)
Hediste limnicola (Johnson, 1903) (redescription)
Imajimainereis de León-González & Solís-Weiss, 2000 (additional source)
Leonnates indicus Kinberg, 1865 (taxonomy source)
Leonnates stephensoni Rullier, 1965 (additional source)
Micronereis bansei (Hartmann-Schröder, 1979) (redescription)
Namanereis quadraticeps (Blanchard in Gay, 1849) (redescription)
Neanthes biseriata Hutchings & Turvey, 1982 (redescription)
Neanthes bongcoi Pillai, 1965 (redescription)
Neanthes cortezi Kudenov, 1979 (source of synonymy)
Neanthes cricognatha (Ehlers, 1904) (redescription)
Neanthes flindersi Wilson, 1984 (redescription)
Neanthes grandis (Stimpson, 1853) accepted as Alitta grandis (Stimpson, 1853) (source of synonymy)
Neanthes isolata Hutchings & Turvey, 1982 (redescription)
Neanthes kerguelensis (McIntosh, 1885) (redescription)
Neanthes noodti Hartmann-Schröder, 1962 (source of synonymy)
Neanthes pseudonoodti Fauchald, 1977 accepted as Pseudonereis pseudonoodti (Fauchald, 1977) (new combination reference)
Neanthes succinea (Leuckart, 1847) accepted as Alitta succinea (Leuckart, 1847) (source of synonymy)
Neanthes unifasciata (Willey, 1905) (redescription)
Neanthes vaalii Kinberg, 1865 (redescription)
Neanthes virens (M. Sars, 1835) accepted as Alitta virens (M. Sars, 1835) (source of synonymy)
Nereididae Blainville, 1818 (additional source)
Nereidinae Blainville, 1818 (additional source)
Nereis bifida Hutchings & Turvey, 1982 (redescription)
Nereis cockburnensis Augener, 1913 (taxonomy source)
Nereis maxillodentata Hutchings & Turvey, 1982 (additional source)
Nereis pelagica Linnaeus, 1758 (redescription)
Nereis succinea Leuckart, 1847 accepted as Alitta succinea (Leuckart, 1847) (source of synonymy)
Nereis zonata Malmgren, 1867 (redescription)
Notophycinae Knox & Cameron, 1970 accepted as Nereidinae Blainville, 1818 (additional source)
Olganereis edmondsi (Hartman, 1954) (redescription)
Paraleonnates Chlebovitsch & Wu, 1962 (additional source)
Perinereis akuna Wilson & Glasby, 1993 (redescription)
Perinereis amblyodonta (Schmarda, 1861) (redescription)
Perinereis barbara (Monro, 1926) (redescription)
Perinereis caeruleis (Hoagland, 1920) (redescription)
Perinereis cultrifera (Grube, 1840) (redescription)
Perinereis nuntia (Lamarck, 1818) (redescription)
Perinereis vallata (Grube, 1857) (redescription)
Perinereis variodentata (Augener, 1913) (redescription)
Periserrula Paik, 1977 accepted as Paraleonnates Chlebovitsch & Wu, 1962 (additional source)
Platynereis antipoda Hartman, 1954 (redescription)
Pseudonereis anomala Gravier, 1899 (redescription)
Pseudonereis cortezi (Kudenov, 1979) (basis of record)
Pseudonereis gallapagensis Kinberg, 1865 (additional source)
Pseudonereis noodti (Hartmann-Shcroeder, 1962) (basis of record)
Pseudonereis pseudonoodti (Fauchald, 1977) (basis of record)
Simplisetia Hartmann-Schröder, 1985 (status source)
Simplisetia aequisetis (Augener, 1913) (redescription)
Simplisetia amphidonta (Hutchings & Turvey, 1982) (new combination reference)
Simplisetia limnetica (Hutchings & Glasby, 1982) (new combination reference)
Simplisetia lizardensis (Ben-Eliahu, Hutchings & Glasby, 1984) (new combination reference)
Simplisetia pachychaeta (Fauvel, 1918) accepted as Neanthes pachychaeta (Fauvel, 1918) (basis of record)
Simplisetia similisetis (Grube, 1878) (new combination reference)
Simplisetia transversa (Hutchings & Turvey, 1982) (new combination reference)
Simplisetia turveyi (Hutchings & Glasby, 1982) (new combination reference)
Simplisetia vaipekae (Gibbs, 1972) (new combination reference)
Solomononereis Gibbs, 1971 (redescription)
Solomononereis marauensis Gibbs, 1971 (redescription)
Solomononereis phuketensis Nateewathana, 1992 (additional source)
Unanereis macgregori Day, 1962 (redescription)
Wuinereis Khlebovich, 1996 (taxonomy source)
Alitta brandti Malmgren, 1865 (status source)
Alitta succinea (Leuckart, 1847) (additional source)
Alitta virens (M. Sars, 1835) (taxonomy source)
Australonereis ehlersi (Augener, 1913) (redescription)
Ceratonereis (Simplisetia) Hartmann-Schröder, 1985 accepted as Simplisetia Hartmann-Schröder, 1985 (status source)
Ceratonereis (Simplisetia) amphidonta Hutchings & Turvey, 1982 accepted as Simplisetia amphidonta (Hutchings & Turvey, 1982) (new combination reference)
Ceratonereis aequisetis (Augener, 1913) accepted as Simplisetia aequisetis (Augener, 1913) (basis of record)
Ceratonereis amphidonta Hutchings & Turvey, 1982 accepted as Simplisetia amphidonta (Hutchings & Turvey, 1982) (new combination reference)
Ceratonereis mirabilis Kinberg, 1865 (redescription)
Ceratonereis perkinsi Hartmann-Schröder, 1985 represented as Ceratonereis (Ceratonereis) perkinsi Hartmann-Schröder, 1985 (redescription)
Ceratonereis transversa Hutchings & Turvey, 1982 accepted as Simplisetia transversa (Hutchings & Turvey, 1982) (new combination reference)
Cheilonereis cyclurus (Harrington, 1897) (redescription)
Composetia Hartmann-Schröder, 1985 (redescription)
Composetia irritabilis (Webster, 1879) accepted as Parasetia irritabilis (Webster, 1879) (redescription)
Composetia scotiae (Berkeley & Berkeley, 1956) (redescription)
Eunereis longissima (Johnston, 1840) (redescription)
Eunereis paitillae Fauchald, 1977 (redescription)
Hediste Malmgren, 1867 (status source)
Hediste diversicolor (O.F. Müller, 1776) (redescription)
Hediste kermadeca Kirkegaard, 1995 (status source)
Hediste limnicola (Johnson, 1903) (redescription)
Imajimainereis de León-González & Solís-Weiss, 2000 (additional source)
Leonnates indicus Kinberg, 1865 (taxonomy source)
Leonnates stephensoni Rullier, 1965 (additional source)
Micronereis bansei (Hartmann-Schröder, 1979) (redescription)
Namanereis quadraticeps (Blanchard in Gay, 1849) (redescription)
Neanthes biseriata Hutchings & Turvey, 1982 (redescription)
Neanthes bongcoi Pillai, 1965 (redescription)
Neanthes cortezi Kudenov, 1979 (source of synonymy)
Neanthes cricognatha (Ehlers, 1904) (redescription)
Neanthes flindersi Wilson, 1984 (redescription)
Neanthes grandis (Stimpson, 1853) accepted as Alitta grandis (Stimpson, 1853) (source of synonymy)
Neanthes isolata Hutchings & Turvey, 1982 (redescription)
Neanthes kerguelensis (McIntosh, 1885) (redescription)
Neanthes noodti Hartmann-Schröder, 1962 (source of synonymy)
Neanthes pseudonoodti Fauchald, 1977 accepted as Pseudonereis pseudonoodti (Fauchald, 1977) (new combination reference)
Neanthes succinea (Leuckart, 1847) accepted as Alitta succinea (Leuckart, 1847) (source of synonymy)
Neanthes unifasciata (Willey, 1905) (redescription)
Neanthes vaalii Kinberg, 1865 (redescription)
Neanthes virens (M. Sars, 1835) accepted as Alitta virens (M. Sars, 1835) (source of synonymy)
Nereididae Blainville, 1818 (additional source)
Nereidinae Blainville, 1818 (additional source)
Nereis bifida Hutchings & Turvey, 1982 (redescription)
Nereis cockburnensis Augener, 1913 (taxonomy source)
Nereis maxillodentata Hutchings & Turvey, 1982 (additional source)
Nereis pelagica Linnaeus, 1758 (redescription)
Nereis succinea Leuckart, 1847 accepted as Alitta succinea (Leuckart, 1847) (source of synonymy)
Nereis zonata Malmgren, 1867 (redescription)
Notophycinae Knox & Cameron, 1970 accepted as Nereidinae Blainville, 1818 (additional source)
Olganereis edmondsi (Hartman, 1954) (redescription)
Paraleonnates Chlebovitsch & Wu, 1962 (additional source)
Perinereis akuna Wilson & Glasby, 1993 (redescription)
Perinereis amblyodonta (Schmarda, 1861) (redescription)
Perinereis barbara (Monro, 1926) (redescription)
Perinereis caeruleis (Hoagland, 1920) (redescription)
Perinereis cultrifera (Grube, 1840) (redescription)
Perinereis nuntia (Lamarck, 1818) (redescription)
Perinereis vallata (Grube, 1857) (redescription)
Perinereis variodentata (Augener, 1913) (redescription)
Periserrula Paik, 1977 accepted as Paraleonnates Chlebovitsch & Wu, 1962 (additional source)
Platynereis antipoda Hartman, 1954 (redescription)
Pseudonereis anomala Gravier, 1899 (redescription)
Pseudonereis cortezi (Kudenov, 1979) (basis of record)
Pseudonereis gallapagensis Kinberg, 1865 (additional source)
Pseudonereis noodti (Hartmann-Shcroeder, 1962) (basis of record)
Pseudonereis pseudonoodti (Fauchald, 1977) (basis of record)
Simplisetia Hartmann-Schröder, 1985 (status source)
Simplisetia aequisetis (Augener, 1913) (redescription)
Simplisetia amphidonta (Hutchings & Turvey, 1982) (new combination reference)
Simplisetia limnetica (Hutchings & Glasby, 1982) (new combination reference)
Simplisetia lizardensis (Ben-Eliahu, Hutchings & Glasby, 1984) (new combination reference)
Simplisetia pachychaeta (Fauvel, 1918) accepted as Neanthes pachychaeta (Fauvel, 1918) (basis of record)
Simplisetia similisetis (Grube, 1878) (new combination reference)
Simplisetia transversa (Hutchings & Turvey, 1982) (new combination reference)
Simplisetia turveyi (Hutchings & Glasby, 1982) (new combination reference)
Simplisetia vaipekae (Gibbs, 1972) (new combination reference)
Solomononereis Gibbs, 1971 (redescription)
Solomononereis marauensis Gibbs, 1971 (redescription)
Solomononereis phuketensis Nateewathana, 1992 (additional source)
Unanereis macgregori Day, 1962 (redescription)
Wuinereis Khlebovich, 1996 (taxonomy source)
Nontype MV F91367, geounit New South Wales, identified as Australonereis ehlersi (Augener, 1913)
Nontype MV F94253, geounit New South Wales, identified as Australonereis ehlersi (Augener, 1913)
Nontype MV F94267, geounit New South Wales, identified as Australonereis ehlersi (Augener, 1913)
Holotype ZMUC POL-00039, geounit Kermadec Trench, identified as Hediste kermadeca Kirkegaard, 1995
Nontype MV F94253, geounit New South Wales, identified as Australonereis ehlersi (Augener, 1913)
Nontype MV F94267, geounit New South Wales, identified as Australonereis ehlersi (Augener, 1913)
Holotype ZMUC POL-00039, geounit Kermadec Trench, identified as Hediste kermadeca Kirkegaard, 1995
Diagnosis
Diagnosis by Bakken & Wilson (2005: 525), modified from Qiu & Qian (2000: 1112-1113): "Eversible pharynx with pair ... [details]
Distribution
Australia. Common in estuaries throughout the southern coast of Australia, extending to the north-east and ... [details]
Distribution
Australia: Western Australia; South Australia; Victoria; Tasmania; New South Wales. New Zealand. [details]
Distribution
Australia: South Australia; Tasmania; Victoria. [details]
Habitat
Common in estuaries and sheltered bays, in intertidal beaches and sand spits, in salt water, often associated with ... [details]
Habitat
Intertidal to shallow water coastal environments, recorded by Hutchings & Turvey (1982) inclumps of sponge at 5 m ... [details]
Taxonomy
In the original description of Nereis maxillodentata, Hutchings & Turvey (1982: 93) state "[...] Nereis is partly ... [details]
Taxonomy
Erected for Ceratonereis with middle and posterior supra-aciculär neuropodia with 1 to few slightly thicker, but ... [details]
Taxonomy
"Species of Hediste are recognized by the presence of a large and stout fused falciger in the dorsal fascicle in ... [details]
Taxonomy
Genus reassignment pending. Perhaps a Neanthes. Probably does not belong in Hediste (fide Sato & Nakashima, 2003; ... [details]
Taxonomy
In the original description of Nereis maxillodentata, Hutchings & Turvey (1982: 93) state "[...] Nereis is partly ... [details]
Taxonomy
The unpaired antenna defining characteristic of Unanereis macgregori Day 1962 is suspected to be a morphological ... [details]
Taxonomy
Khlebovich (1996) under Leonnates comments that "L. simplex Monro, 1939 I singled out in the new genus Wuinereis, ... [details]
Type designation
Neanthes vaalii is listed first but otherwise is not selected as type species. Perhaps Hartman 1959 effectively ... [details]
Type locality
Southern Norway Atlantic Ocean (Norway, not Denmark as may be seen in litt. Fide Bakken & Wilson, 2005:525). ... [details]
Type locality
Sars states Nereis virens occurs in "Bergens Fjord" (although this name may not be currently used), Norway. Bakken ... [details]
