WoRMS source details

Pleijel, Fredrik. (1998). Phylogeny and classification of Hesionidae (Polychaeta). Zoologica Scripta. 27(2): 89-163, 38 figures, 7 tables.
51383
10.1111/j.1463-6409.1998.tb00433.x [view]
Pleijel, Fredrik
1998
Phylogeny and classification of Hesionidae (Polychaeta)
Zoologica Scripta
27(2): 89-163, 38 figures, 7 tables.
Publication
World Polychaeta Database (WPolyDb)
Available for editors  PDF available [request]
Hesionid interrelationships are assessed in a parsimony analysis of 97 (86 informative) absent/present coded morphological characters of 37 terminal taxa within the group. Character information is based on examination of available types, newly collected topotypes and additional non‐types, with introduction of many not previously recorded characters. Polarity is assessed differently in two separate analyses, one by outgroup comparison with nereids and chrysopetalids, yielding two equally parsimonious trees, and one by observations from juvenile hesionids, yielding 10 equally parsimonious trees. The outgroup rooted trees are selected for a reclassification, and three main groups are recognised: Hesiolyrinae, new subfamily, Hesioninae Grube, 1850, and Ophiodrominae, new subfamily. Hesiolyrinae is monotypic for Hesiolyra, Hesioninae includes Hesionini Grube, 1850 and Psamathini, new tribe, and Ophiodrominae includes Gyptini and Ophiodromini, both new tribes. Sirsoe, new genus and member of Psamathini, is established for Orseis grasslei Blake, 1985 and the yet undescribed Sirsoe A. High degrees of homoplasy are demonstrated for a number of characters traditionally used in hesionid taxonomy, e.g., distribution of anterior, enlarged cirri, and first segment provided with neurochaetae and neuropodial lobes. Diagnoses and descriptions are provided for all supraspecific hesionid taxa and a checklist of hesionids is included. For improved precision in polychaete descriptions it is suggested that the term ‘tentacular cirri’ should be replaced by ‘anteriorly situated cirri’ with specified position and morphology. The following new generic synonyms are introduced: Lamproderma Grube, 1877, objective junior synonym of Leocrates Kinberg, 1866; Neopodarke Hartman, 1965 junior synonym of Nereimyra Blainville, 1828; Orseis Ehlers, 1864, junior synonym of Ophiodromus Sars, 1862; Paragyptis Pocklington, 1984 junior synonym of Gyptis Marion & Bobretzky in Marion, 1874; and Podarke Ehlers, 1864, objective junior synonym of Ophiodromus. Additionally a number of new species group synonyms and new combinations are proposed. Parallel to the Linnaean, type‐based definitions of taxon names, a hesionid classification is introduced with phylogenetic taxon name definitions.
Systematics, Taxonomy
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Gil, João

Anoplonereis Giard, 1882 accepted as Oxydromus Grube, 1855 (additional source)
Castalia cincinnata Verrill, 1885 accepted as Podarkeopsis cincinnata (Verrill, 1885) (source of synonymy)
Castalia mutilata Treadwell, 1901 accepted as Oxydromus mutilatus (Treadwell, 1901) (new combination reference)
Cirrosyllis Schmarda, 1861 accepted as Oxydromus Grube, 1855 (status source)
Cirrosyllis ceylanica Schmarda, 1861 (status source)
Cirrosyllis didymocera Schmarda, 1861 accepted as Oxydromus didymocerus (Schmarda, 1861) (status source)
Cirrosyllis vittata Schmarda, 1861 (status source)
Dalhousiella McIntosh, 1901 (taxonomy source)
Dalhousiella hesionoides (Augener, 1906) (status source)
Fallacia Quatrefages, 1866 accepted as Hesione Lamarck, 1818 (status source)
Gyptini (original description)
Gyptini (additional source)
Gyptis Marion, 1874 (additional source)
Gyptis bruneli (Pettibone, 1961) (new combination reference)
Gyptis comata (Ehlers, 1913) (basis of record)
Gyptis crinita (Haswell, 1886) (basis of record)
Halimede Rathke, 1843 accepted as Nereimyra Blainville, 1828 (status source)
Hesiocaeca bermudensis Hartman, 1965 (status source)
Hesiolyrinae Pleijel, 1998 accepted as Gyptini (original description)
Hesione protochona [auct.] accepted as Hesione proctochona Schmarda, 1861 accepted as Hesione picta Müller in Grube, 1858 (basis of record)
Hesionidae Grube, 1850 (status source)
Hesionini Grube, 1850 (status source)
Irma latifrons Grube, 1878 accepted as Oxydromus angustifrons (Grube, 1878) (source of synonymy)
Irma limicola Willey, 1905 accepted as Oxydromus limicolus (Willey, 1905) (source of synonymy)
Irmula Ehlers, 1913 (additional source)
Kefersteinia Quatrefages, 1866 accepted as Psamathe Johnston, 1836 (status source)
Kefersteinia fauveli Averincev, 1972 accepted as Psamathe fauveli (Averincev, 1972) (source of synonymy)
Kefersteinia haploseta Perkins, 1984 accepted as Psamathe haploseta (Perkins, 1984) (source of synonymy)
Lamproderma longicirre Grube, 1877 accepted as Leocrates chinensis Kinberg, 1866 (source of synonymy)
Leocrates Kinberg, 1866 (additional source)
Leocrates chinensis Kinberg, 1866 (additional source)
Leocrates cupreus iridis [nomen nudum] (basis of record)
Leocratides ehlersi (Horst, 1921) (status source)
Magalia Marion, 1874 accepted as Syllidia Quatrefages, 1865 (status source)
Neopodarke Hartman, 1965 accepted as Nereimyra Blainville, 1828 (source of synonymy)
Neopodarke woodsholea Hartman, 1965 accepted as Nereimyra woodsholea (Hartman, 1965) (source of synonymy)
Nereimyra Blainville, 1828 (additional source)
Nereimyra blacki Knox, 1960 accepted as Oxydromus blacki (Knox, 1960) (status source)
Nereimyra crinita (Haswell, 1886) accepted as Gyptis crinita (Haswell, 1886) (source of synonymy)
Nereimyra longicirrata Knox & Cameron, 1971 accepted as Oxydromus longicirratus (Knox & Cameron, 1971) (new combination reference)
Nereimyra mutilata (Treadwell, 1901) accepted as Oxydromus mutilatus (Treadwell, 1901) (new combination reference)
Nereimyra woodsholea (Hartman, 1965) (new combination reference)
Ophiodrominae Pleijel, 1998 (original description)
Ophiodrominae Pleijel, 1998 (additional source)
Ophiodromus Sars, 1862 accepted as Oxydromus Grube, 1855 (additional source)
Ophiodromus angolaensis (Hartmann-Schröder, 1985) (basis of record)
Ophiodromus comata (Ehlers, 1913) accepted as Gyptis comata (Ehlers, 1913) (source of synonymy)
Ophiodromus didymocerus (Schmarda, 1861) accepted as Oxydromus didymocerus (Schmarda, 1861) (new combination reference)
Ophiodromus furcatus (Hartmann-Schröder, 1962) accepted as Oxydromus furcatus (Hartmann-Schröder, 1962) (basis of record)
Ophiodromus guanicus (Hoagland, 1919) accepted as Oxydromus guanicus (Hoagland, 1919) (basis of record)
Ophiodromus latifrons (Grube, 1878) accepted as Oxydromus latifrons (Grube, 1878) (basis of record)
Ophiodromus limicola (Willey, 1905) accepted as Oxydromus limicolus (Willey, 1905) (basis of record)
Ophiodromus longicirratus (Knox & Cameron, 1971) accepted as Oxydromus longicirratus (Knox & Cameron, 1971) (new combination reference)
Ophiodromus longocirratus Tenerelli, 1973 (status source)
Ophiodromus microantennatus (Hutchings & Murray, 1984) accepted as Oxydromus microantennatus (Hutchings & Murray, 1984) (basis of record)
Ophiodromus minutus (Hartmann-Schröder, 1959) accepted as Oxydromus minutus (Hartmann-Schröder, 1959) (basis of record)
Ophiodromus mutilatus (Treadwell, 1901) accepted as Oxydromus mutilatus (Treadwell, 1901) (basis of record)
Ophiodromus viridescens (Ehlers, 1864) accepted as Oxydromus viridescens (Ehlers, 1864) (basis of record)
Ophiodromus vittatus Sars, 1862 accepted as Oxydromus vittatus (Sars, 1862) (status source)
Orseis Ehlers, 1864 accepted as Oxydromus Grube, 1855 (source of synonymy)
Orseis grasslei Blake, 1985 (source of synonymy)
Orseis pulla Ehlers, 1864 (status source)
Oxydromus arenicolus La Greca, 1946 accepted as Podarkeopsis arenicolus (La Greca, 1946) (source of synonymy)
Oxydromus arenicolus glabrus Hartman, 1961 accepted as Podarkeopsis glabrus (Hartman, 1961) (status source)
Oxydromus aucklandicus Willey, 1902 (status source)
Oxydromus fasciatus Grube, 1855 accepted as Oxydromus flexuosus (Delle Chiaje, 1827) (source of synonymy)
Oxydromus longisetis Grube, 1857 (status source)
Paragyptis Pocklington, 1984 accepted as Gyptis Marion, 1874 (source of synonymy)
Paragyptis margaretae Pocklington, 1984 accepted as Gyptis bruneli (Pettibone, 1961) (source of synonymy)
Parahesione bruneli Pettibone, 1961 accepted as Gyptis bruneli (Pettibone, 1961) (source of synonymy)
Parapodarke Czerniavsky, 1882 (status source)
Parapodarke lubrica Czerniavsky, 1882 (status source)
Parasyllidea blacki (Knox, 1960) accepted as Oxydromus blacki (Knox, 1960) (status source)
Periboea Ehlers, 1864 (status source)
Periboea Kinberg, 1866 (status source)
Periboea disingi Kinberg, 1866 (status source)
Periboea longocirrata Ehlers, 1864 (status source)
Podarke Ehlers, 1864 accepted as Oxydromus Grube, 1855 (status source)
Podarkeopsis arenicolus (La Greca, 1946) (new combination reference)
Podarkeopsis capensis (Day, 1963) (additional source)
Podarkeopsis cincinnata (Verrill, 1885) (basis of record)
Podarkeopsis galangaui Laubier, 1961 accepted as Podarkeopsis arenicolus (La Greca, 1946) (source of synonymy)
Podarkeopsis glabrus (Hartman, 1961) (basis of record)
Podarkeopsis guadalupensis Amoureux, 1985 (status source)
Podarkeopsis helgolandicus (Hilbig & Dittmer, 1979) (status source)
Psamathe Johnston, 1836 (status source)
Psamathe ancuda (Wesenberg-Lund, 1962) (new combination reference)
Psamathe cirrhata Keferstein, 1862 (source of synonymy)
Psamathe crinita Haswell, 1886 accepted as Gyptis crinita (Haswell, 1886) (source of synonymy)
Psamathe fauveli (Averincev, 1972) (new combination reference)
Psamathe haploseta (Perkins, 1984) (new combination reference)
Psamathinae Pleijel, 1998 (original description)
Psammate [auctt. misspelling] accepted as Psamathe Johnston, 1836 (status source)
Pseudosyllidia Czerniavsky, 1882 accepted as Syllidia Quatrefages, 1865 (status source)
Pseudosyllidia armata Czerniavsky, 1882 accepted as Syllidia armata Quatrefages, 1866 (status source)
Schmardiella Czerniavsky, 1882 accepted as Oxydromus Grube, 1855 (status source)
Sinohesione Westheide, Purschke & Mangerich, 1994 (status source)
Sirsoe Pleijel, 1998 (original description)
Sirsoe grasslei (Blake, 1985) (basis of record)
Struwela Hartmann-Schröder, 1959 (status source)
 Classification
 for Hesionella Hartman, 1939

Uncertain. Pleijel (1998:150) indicated that Hesionella Hartman might have affinities to Microphthalmus, not ... [details]
 Classification
 for Microphthalmus Mecznikow, 1865

Uncertain (Rouse & Pleijel, 2003). Pleijel (1998:150) indicated that Microphthalmus, is not regarded as a hesionid ... [details]
 Classification
 for Struwela Hartmann-Schröder, 1959

Pleijel (1998:151) considered the affinity of Struwela to be uncertain, and stated it lacked the characters to ... [details]
 Classification
 for Struwela noodti Hartmann-Schröder, 1959

Regarded as not a hesionid by Pleijel (1998), and Salazar-Vallejo et al (2019) transferred the genus to ... [details]
 Etymology
 for Sirsoe Pleijel, 1998

Author: "Sirsoe is an anagram of Orseis, the original generic allocation of the type species. Gender feminine." [details]
 Grammatical gender
 for Hesione Lamarck, 1818

Feminine as treated as feminine by Lamarck and early subsequent authors, also likely named after a Greek female name. [details]
 Grammatical gender
 for Sirsoe Pleijel, 1998

feminine. Designated feminine by author [details]
 Homonymy
 for Periboea Kinberg, 1866

junior unreplaced homonym to Periboea Ehlers, 1864 in Hesionidae [details]
 Homonymy
 for Psamathe Johnston, 1836

Psamathe Johnston, 1836 is valid as Psamathe Rafinesque, 1814 in Isopoda is a nomen nudum fide Holthius (1954) and ... [details]
 New combination
 for Oxydromus blacki (Knox, 1960)

Oxydromus blacki not formally placed in Oxydromus but the recombination is a consequence of the synonymy of ... [details]
 Nomenclature
 for Kefersteinia Quatrefages, 1866

Pleijel (1998:122) discusses the names Psamathe and Kefersteinia. The 2nd is subjective synonym of the first, which ... [details]
 Nomenclature
 for Ophiodromus longicirratus (Knox & Cameron, 1971)

Pleijel (1998) and Pleijel et al (2012) misspelled Nereimyra 'longicirrata' as 'longocirrata'. Thus transferred ... [details]
 Nomenclature
 for Psammate [auctt. misspelling]

Pleijel (1998:122) notes that Hartman (1959:192) incorrectly treats the misspelling in Sars (1853) as the ... [details]
 Nomenclature
 for Pseudosyllidia Czerniavsky, 1882

Established with minimal explanation for a Syllidia armata record of Langerhans. Pleijel (1998) synonymises the ... [details]
 Spelling
 for Hesione protochona [auct.]

error for Hesione proctochona Schmarda, 1861 [details]
 Status
 for Hesiocaeca Hartman, 1965

Pleijel (1998:147) placed Hesiocaeca as incertae sedis as he assessed the type species material as indeterminable ... [details]
 Status
 for Hesionini Grube, 1850

Nominal tribe Hesionini is redundant as its former sister taxon Psamathini has been upgraded to Psamathinae. [details]
 Synonymy
 for Parasyllidea Pettibone, 1961

An assertion of the generic re-assignment of P. blacki and P. australiensis is not available in the literature. ... [details]
 Taxonomy
 for Castalia fusca hibernica Southern, 1914

Pleijel 1998 appears not to reassign this name from Castalia, as type material is not available. Castalia is invalid. [details]
 Taxonomy
 for Fallacia Quatrefages, 1866

There has been no type designation for Fallacia. Quatrefages (1866:98) erected it for two existing Hesione species, ... [details]
 Taxonomy
 for Irmula Ehlers, 1913

The genus was originally erected in the family Hesionidae by Ehlers (1913: 468), and later moved to Syllidae by Day ... [details]
 Taxonomy
 for Parapodarke Czerniavsky, 1882

Affinity unknown and indeterminable according to Pleijel (1998:150) [details]
 Taxonomy
 for Podarkeopsis cincinnata (Verrill, 1885)

Suggested generic placement of Pleijel (1998), and later unmodified by him in a revision (Pleijel et al., 2012) of ... [details]
 Type designation
 for Cirrosyllis Schmarda, 1861

The genus Cirrosyllis was established in Hesionidae by Schmarda (1861), to include six new species: Cirrosyllis ... [details]
 Type species
 for Irma Grube, 1878

According to Pleijel (1998:159) no type was ever designated. The two names originally included are now regarded as ... [details]
 Type specimen
 for Dalhousiella carpenteri McIntosh, 1901

BMNH 1921.5.1.1102. This holotype specimen has been lost in transit (fide Pleijel, 1998) [details]
 Type specimen
 for Ophiodromus didymocerus (Schmarda, 1861)

no type material is extant (Pleijel, 1998:27) [details]

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