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Clark, A. H. (1911). The recent crinoids of the coasts of Africa. Proceedings of the U.S. National Museum. 40:1-51.
6325
Clark, A. H.
1911
The recent crinoids of the coasts of Africa
Proceedings of the U.S. National Museum
40:1-51
Publication
The study of 'recent' crinoids inhabiting the coasts of Africa began in the early 19th century. This paper summarizes all work done by that moment, about crinoids around the African coasts. There is made a (short) list of species belonging to five well-marked districts and 'the annotated list of species' sums up the references to literature, the locality and depth of capture. In some cases a description of the species itself and/or any remarks are given.
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Actinometra multiradiata (Linnaeus, 1758) accepted as Capillaster multiradiata (Linnaeus, 1758) accepted as Capillaster multiradiatus (Linnaeus, 1758) (source of synonymy)
Alecto flagellata Müller, 1841 accepted as Dichrometra flagellata (Müller, 1841) (source of synonymy)
Alecto parvicirra Müller, 1841 accepted as Comanthus parvicirrus (Müller, 1841) (source of synonymy)
Amphimetra africana AH Clark, 1911 accepted as Heterometra africana (AH Clark, 1911) (original description)
Amphimetra philiberti (Müller, 1849) accepted as Heterometra philiberti (Müller, 1849) (original description)
Antedon carinata (Lamarck, 1816) accepted as Tropiometra carinata (Lamarck, 1816) (source of synonymy)
Antedon emendatrix Bell, 1892 accepted as Cenometra emendatrix (Bell, 1892) (source of synonymy)
Antedon flagellata (Müller, 1841) accepted as Dichrometra flagellata (Müller, 1841) (source of synonymy)
Antedon marginata Chadwick, 1908 accepted as Stephanometra indica (Smith, 1876) (basis of record)
Asterias multiradiata Linnaeus, 1758 accepted as Capillaster multiradiata (Linnaeus, 1758) accepted as Capillaster multiradiatus (Linnaeus, 1758) (source of synonymy)
Capillaster coccodistoma (Carpenter, 1882) accepted as Capillaster multiradiatus (Linnaeus, 1758) (source of synonymy)
Capillaster multiradiata (Linnaeus, 1758) accepted as Capillaster multiradiatus (Linnaeus, 1758) (additional source)
Cenometra emendatrix (Bell, 1892) (source of synonymy)
Colobometra chadwicki AH Clark, 1911 accepted as Decametra chadwicki (AH Clark, 1911) (original description)
Comanthus wahlbergii (Müller, 1843) (source of synonymy)
Comanthus wahlbergii (Müller, 1843) (basis of record)
Comatula carinata Lamarck, 1816 accepted as Tropiometra carinata (Lamarck, 1816) (source of synonymy)
Comissia ignota AH Clark, 1911 accepted as Comanthus wahlbergii (Müller, 1843) (original description)
Cosmiometra gardineri AH Clark, 1911 (basis of record)
Cosmiometra gardineri AH Clark, 1911 (original description)
Craspedometra ater AH Clark, 1911 accepted as Heterometra ater (AH Clark, 1911) (original description)
Craspedometra madagascarensis AH Clark, 1911 accepted as Heterometra madagascarensis (AH Clark, 1911) (original description)
Crotalometra flava (Koehler, 1895) accepted as Koehlermetra porrecta (Carpenter, 1888) (source of synonymy)
Crotalometra porrecta (Carpenter, 1888) accepted as Koehlermetra porrecta (Carpenter, 1888) (source of synonymy)
Decametra AH Clark, 1911 (original description)
Decametra alaudae AH Clark, 1911 (original description)
Decametra informis (Carpenter, 1888) (source of synonymy)
Decametra möbiusi AH Clark, 1911 accepted as Decametra modica AH Clark, 1911 (original description)
Decametra modica AH Clark, 1911 (original description)
Decametra moebiusi AH Clark, 1911 accepted as Decametra modica AH Clark, 1911 (basis of record)
Dichrometra flagellata (Müller, 1841) (additional source)
Dichrometra klunzingeri (Hartlaub, 1890) accepted as Lamprometra palmata (Müller, 1841) accepted as Dichrometra palmata (Müller, 1841) (basis of record)
Dichrometra palmata (Müller, 1841) (basis of record)
Dichrometra protectus (Lütken in Carpenter, 1879) (basis of record)
Glyptometra sclateri (Bell, 1905) (additional source)
Heterometra gravieri AH Clark, 1911 (original description)
Heterometra joubini AH Clark, 1911 (original description)
Iridometra Clark, 1908 (basis of record)
Iridometra aegyptica AH Clark, 1911 accepted as Dorometra aegyptica (AH Clark, 1911) (original description)
Iridometra mauritiana AH Clark, 1911 accepted as Dorometra mauritiana (AH Clark, 1911) (original description)
Lamprometra palmata (Müller, 1841) accepted as Dichrometra palmata (Müller, 1841) (basis of record)
Oligometra serripinna occidentalis AH Clark, 1911 accepted as Oligometra serripinna (Carpenter, 1881) (original description)
Pachylometra (AH Clark, 1909) accepted as Glyptometra AH Clark, 1909 (basis of record)
Perometra afra AH Clark, 1911 (original description)
Rhizocrinus chuni Döderlein, 1907 accepted as Democrinus chuni (Döderlein, 1907) (basis of record)
Stephanometra AH Clark, 1909 (basis of record)
Stephanometra marginata AH Clark, 1909 accepted as Stephanometra indica (Smith, 1876) (basis of record)
Thalassometra omissa (Koehler, 1909) (source of synonymy)
Tropiometra carinata (Lamarck, 1816) (additional source)
Tropiometra encrinus AH Clark, 1911 accepted as Tropiometra carinata (Lamarck, 1816) (basis of record)
Tropiometra encrinus AH Clark, 1911 accepted as Tropiometra carinata (Lamarck, 1816) (original description)
Tropiometra picta (Gay, 1854) accepted as Tropiometra carinata (Lamarck, 1816) (source of synonymy)
Cargados Carajos for Decametra alaudae AH Clark, 1911 
Cargados Carajos for Oligometra serripinna occidentalis AH Clark, 1911 
Cargados Carajos for Oligometra serripinna occidentalis AH Clark, 1911 
Cargados Carajos for Tropiometra carinata (Lamarck, 1816) 
Chagos for Comatella maculata (Carpenter, 1888) 
Indian Exclusive Economic Zone for Alecto palmata Müller, 1841 
Kenyan Exclusive Economic Zone for Amphimetra africana AH Clark, 1911 
Kenyan Exclusive Economic Zone for Dichrometra flagellata (Müller, 1841) 
Madagascar for Capillaster multiradiata (Linnaeus, 1758) 
Madagascar for Comanthus parvicirrus (Müller, 1841)  (doubtful)
Madagascar for Craspedometra madagascarensis AH Clark, 1911 
Madagascar for Iridometra mauritiana AH Clark, 1911 
Madagascar for Perometra afra AH Clark, 1911 
Madagascar for Stephanometra indica (Smith, 1876) 
Madagascar for Tropiometra carinata (Lamarck, 1816) 
Mascarene Basin for Tropiometra carinata (Lamarck, 1816) 
Mauritian Exclusive Economic Zone for Antedon emendatrix Bell, 1892 
Mauritian Exclusive Economic Zone for Cenometra emendatrix (Bell, 1892) 
Mauritian Exclusive Economic Zone for Comanthus parvicirrus (Müller, 1841)  (doubtful)
Mauritian Exclusive Economic Zone for Decametra moebiusi AH Clark, 1911 
Mauritian Exclusive Economic Zone for Iridometra mauritiana AH Clark, 1911 
Mauritian Exclusive Economic Zone for Oligometra serripinna occidentalis AH Clark, 1911 
Mauritian Exclusive Economic Zone for Tropiometra carinata (Lamarck, 1816) 
Red Sea for Alecto palmata Müller, 1841 
Red Sea for Alecto savignii Müller, 1841 
Red Sea for Alecto savignii Müller, 1841 
Red Sea for Antedon klunzingeri Hartlaub, 1890 
Red Sea for Colobometra chadwicki AH Clark, 1911 
Red Sea for Craspedometra ater AH Clark, 1911 
Red Sea for Dichrometra klunzingeri (Hartlaub, 1890) 
Red Sea for Dichrometra palmata (Müller, 1841) 
Red Sea for Dichrometra protectus (Lütken in Carpenter, 1879) 
Red Sea for Heterometra savignii (Müller, 1841) 
Red Sea for Iridometra aegyptica AH Clark, 1911 
Red Sea for Oligometra serripinna electrae AH Clark, 1911 
Red Sea for Stephanometra marginata AH Clark, 1909  (doubtful)
Red Sea for Tropiometra encrinus AH Clark, 1911 
Rodrigues for Comatula indica Smith, 1876 
Rodrigues for Stephanometra indica (Smith, 1876) 
Seychellois Exclusive Economic Zone for Cenometra emendatrix (Bell, 1892) 
Seychellois Exclusive Economic Zone for Comanthus parvicirrus (Müller, 1841) 
Seychellois Exclusive Economic Zone for Commissia ignota AH Clark, 1911 
Seychellois Exclusive Economic Zone for Cosmiometra gardineri AH Clark, 1911 
Seychellois Exclusive Economic Zone for Stephanometra indica (Smith, 1876) 
Seychellois Exclusive Economic Zone for Tropiometra carinata (Lamarck, 1816) 
Socotra for Cyclometra flavescens AH Clark, 1911 
Somali Exclusive Economic Zone for Rhizocrinus chuni Döderlein, 1907 
South Africa (country) for Comanthus wahlbergii (Müller, 1843) 
South Africa (country) for Pachylometra sclateri (Bell, 1905) 
South Africa (country) for Tropiometra carinata (Lamarck, 1816) 
Tanzanian Exclusive Economic Zone for Amphimetra africana AH Clark, 1911 
Tanzanian Exclusive Economic Zone for Comatula indica Smith, 1876 
Tanzanian Exclusive Economic Zone for Decametra modica AH Clark, 1911 
Tanzanian Exclusive Economic Zone for Dichrometra flagellata (Müller, 1841) 
Tanzanian Exclusive Economic Zone for Heterometra gravieri AH Clark, 1911 
Tanzanian Exclusive Economic Zone for Heterometra joubini AH Clark, 1911 
Tanzanian Exclusive Economic Zone for Tropiometra carinata (Lamarck, 1816)  (doubtful)
 Description

Comatula carinata from East Africa varies very little, but specimens from the West Indies and Brazil are very ... [details]

 Description

Depth: 30 fathoms in Clark (1911). [details]

 Description

Also distributed in Maldive area and Ceylon (Clark & Rowe (1971)), though the Maldive record need confirmation as ... [details]

 Description

Littoral in Clark (1911). [details]

 Description

Depth 10 fathoms (one record) in Clark (1911). [details]

 Description

Depth 20 fathoms in Clark (1911). [details]

 Description

Littoral and down to 30 fathoms in Clark (1911). [details]

 Description

Depth range 1644-1668 m. in Clark (1911). [details]

 Distribution

Also recorded in Marie Louise Island and Isle des Neufs, Amirante group, depth 17 fathoms, coral (Clark, 1911). [details]

 Distribution

Ranges eastward to the Tonga Islands (Clark, 1911). Littoral in Clark (1911). [details]

 Distribution

Ranges eastward to Holg Kong, Philippines, Fiji and Tonga (Clark, 1911). [details]

 Distribution

Also distributed in East London (Clark, 1911). Depth 250-300 fathoms in Clark (1911). [details]

 Distribution

NE of Madagascar in 228 m. [details]

 Distribution

Also distributed in Ceylon, Singapore and Philippines (Clark, 1911). Littoral down to 30 fathoms in Clark (1911)). [details]

 Distribution

Ranges eastward to the South Sea Islands and the east coast of Asia; common in Ceylon (Clark, 1911). [details]

 Holotype

Holotype in Museum für Naturkunde an der Universität zu Berlin, Berllin (Germany) No. 4616. Type locality: ... [details]

 Holotype

Holotype in U.S. National Museum, Washington, D.C. (USA) No. 27509. Type locality: Suez Bay (Red Sea), 10 fathoms ... [details]

 Holotype

No holotype or type locality designated by A.H. Clark. Syntypes (2 specimens) in Natural History Museum, London ... [details]

 Holotype

Holotype in Museum für Naturkunde an der Universität Humbolt zu Berlin, Berlin (Germany) No. 1055. Type locality: ... [details]

 Holotype

Holotype in Natural History Museum, London (England) (A.H. Clark, 1911), not found there by Marshall & Rowe (1981). [details]

 Holotype

Holotype in Museum für Naturkunde an der universität Humbolt zu Berlin, Berlin (Germany). Type locality: ... [details]

 Holotype

Holotype in Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (France). Type locality: Zanzibar (Clark, 1911). [details]

 Holotype

Holotype in Museum für Naturkunde an der Universität Humbolt zu Berlin, Berlin (Germany) No. 5349 (part). Type ... [details]

 Remark

Type species: Comatula (Alecto) milberti Müller, 1846 (=Alecto tessellata Müller, 1841) by original designation ... [details]

 Remark

Type specimen at Lund, without references (A.H. Clark, 1911). [details]

 Remark

This is possibly the same species as that called by Dr. Leach Alecto carinata in the previous year (A.H. Clark, 1908). [details]

 Remark

No type or type locality designated in Clark (1911), only locality cited: Bagamoyo, German East Africa. [details]

 Remark

In family Himerometridae in A.H. Clark, 1911 [details]

 Remark

In family Himerometridae in A.H. Clark, 1911 [details]

 Remark

No type designated in Clark (1911), only locality cited is Suez Bay, Gulf of Suez. [details]

 Remark

Type species: Antedon distincta Carpenter, 1888 by original designation (Rowe & Gates, 1995). [details]

 Remark

In family Thalassometridae in A.H. Clark, 1911. [details]

 Remark

In family Himerometridae in A.H. Clark, 1911. Type species: Antedon monacantha Hartlaub, 1890 by original ... [details]

 synonymy

Original combination [details]

 synonymy

Original combination [details]

 Type locality

unknown (Rowe & Gates, 1995). [details]

 Type locality

India (A.H. Clark, 1911). [details]

 Type locality

Red Sea. Type species in the Berlin Museum. This name has been very generally emended to 'savignyi' (A.H. Clark, 1908). [details]

 Type locality

Mauritius (A.H. Clark, 1911). [details]

 Type locality

Manila. [details]

 Type locality

Cargados Carajos, 55 m. [details]

 Type locality

'Eastern Africa'. Holotype in Museum für Naturkunde an der Universität Humbolt zu Berlin, Berlin (Germany) No. ... [details]

 Type material

Cat. no. 1907.7.1.84-86 (3 specimens) Natural History Museum, London, England. Type locality: Providence Island, NE ... [details]

 Type specimen

Type: No. 5348, Berlin Museum. Type locality: Madagascar (Clark, 1911). [details]