WoRMS source details
Zea, S. (1987). Esponjas del Caribe Colombiano. (Catálogo Cientifico: Bogotá, Colombia): 1-286.
8610
Zea, S.
1987
Esponjas del Caribe Colombiano. (Catálogo Cientifico: Bogotá, Colombia): 1-286.
Publication
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Material of 89 species of sponges (Porifera: Demospongea), belonging to the
orders Dictyoceratida, Dendroceratida, Verongida, Haploscerida, Poecilosclerida,
Halichondrida, Axinellida" Desmophorida and Homosclerophorida; collected in the coastal waters of the Colombian Caribbean, and Isla de Providencia (Old Providence), Colombian insular territory in the Western Caribbean, is reported and described. Most descriptions are accompanied by schematic drawings of the skeleton, underwater photographs and systematic and ecological remarks. Thalysias proxima Duchassaing & Michelotti (1864, as
Xestospongia) , as well as Haliclona pellasarca de Laubenfels (1934, as Petrosia, new combination), Echinostylinos unguiferus de Laubenfels (1953, as Monanchora), Pandaros walpersii Duch. & Mich. (1864, as Ptilocaulis), Spongia marquezii Duch. & Mich. (1864, as Teichaxinella), Oxeostilon burtoni de Laubenfels (1934, as Teichaxinella, new combination), Thrinacophora funiformis Ridley & Dendy (1886), Discodermia dissoluta Schmidt (1870), Petrosia halichondroides Wilson (1902, as Plakortis) , and Plakinastrella onkodes Uliczka (1929), are redescribed. Some synonymies are suggested, based upon the study of material deposited in the United States National Museum of Natural History in Washington D.C. The finding of bigger spicules in many continental coast species, as compared to the material from Isla de Providencia and another areas in the Caribbean, is reported.
Caribbean region
Systematics, Taxonomy
Date
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2013-01-12 18:30:12Z
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Acarnus (Acanthacarnus) souriei Lévi, 1952 accepted as Acarnus souriei (Lévi, 1952) (additional source)
Acarnus (Acarnus) innominatus Gray, 1867 accepted as Acarnus innominatus Gray, 1867 (additional source)
Adocia implexiformis Hechtel, 1965 accepted as Haliclona (Reniera) implexiformis (Hechtel, 1965) (additional source)
Agelas clathrodes (Schmidt, 1870) (additional source)
Agelas conifera (Schmidt, 1870) (additional source)
Agelas dispar Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 (additional source)
Agelas sceptrum (Lamarck, 1815) (additional source)
Agelas schmidtii Wilson, 1902 (additional source)
Amphimedon compressa Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 (additional source)
Amphimedon erina (de Laubenfels, 1936) (additional source)
Amphimedon viridis Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 (additional source)
Aplysilla glacialis (Merejkowsky, 1878) (additional source)
Aplysina archeri (Higgin, 1875) (additional source)
Aplysina cauliformis (Carter, 1882) (additional source)
Aplysina fistularis f. insularis (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) represented as Aplysina insularis (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) (basis of record)
Aplysina fulva (Pallas, 1766) (additional source)
Aplysina lacunosa (Lamarck, 1814) (additional source)
Artemisina melana van Soest, 1984 (additional source)
Biemna tubulata (Dendy, 1905) (additional source)
Bubaris ammosclera Hechtel, 1969 (additional source)
Callyspongia (Callyspongia) fallax Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 (additional source)
Callyspongia (Callyspongia) pallida Hechtel, 1965 (additional source)
Callyspongia (Spinosella) armigera (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) accepted as Callyspongia (Cladochalina) armigera (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) (new combination reference)
Callyspongia (Spinosella) plicifera (Lamarck, 1814) accepted as Callyspongia (Cladochalina) plicifera (Lamarck, 1814) (additional source)
Callyspongia (Spinosella) vaginalis (Lamarck, 1814) accepted as Callyspongia (Cladochalina) aculeata (Linnaeus, 1759) (additional source)
Chelonaplysilla erecta (Row, 1911) (additional source)
Clathria (Microciona) calla (de Laubenfels, 1934) (additional source)
Clathria (Microciona) ferrea (de Laubenfels, 1936) (additional source)
Clathria (Microciona) simpsoni van Soest, 1984 accepted as Clathria (Microciona) echinata (Alcolado, 1984) (additional source)
Clathria (Microciona) spinosa (Wilson, 1902) (additional source)
Cribrochalina vasculum (Lamarck, 1814) (additional source)
Desmapsamma anchorata (Carter, 1882) (additional source)
Discodermia dissoluta Schmidt, 1880 (additional source)
Dysidea etheria de Laubenfels, 1936 (additional source)
Ectyoplasia ferox (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) (additional source)
Foliolina peltata Schmidt, 1870 accepted as Oceanapia peltata (Schmidt, 1870) (additional source)
Halichondria melanadocia de Laubenfels, 1936 represented as Halichondria (Halichondria) melanadocia de Laubenfels, 1936 (additional source)
Haliclona hogarthi Hechtel, 1965 accepted as Haliclona (Reniera) tubifera (George & Wilson, 1919) (additional source)
Hyattella intestinalis (Lamarck, 1814) (additional source)
Hyrtios proteus Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 (additional source)
Iotrochota birotulata (Higgin, 1877) (additional source)
Ircinia campana (Lamarck, 1814) (additional source)
Ircinia felix (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) (additional source)
Ircinia strobilina (Lamarck, 1816) (additional source)
Lissodendoryx isodictyalis (Carter, 1882) represented as Lissodendoryx (Lissodendoryx) isodictyalis (Carter, 1882) (additional source)
Monanchora unguifera (De Laubenfels, 1953) accepted as Monanchora arbuscula (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) (new combination reference)
Mycale (Acamasina) laxissima (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) accepted as Mycale (Arenochalina) laxissima (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) (additional source)
Mycale (Aegogropila) americana van Soest, 1984 (additional source)
Mycale (Aegogropila) arndti van Soest, 1984 (additional source)
Mycale (Mycale) laevis (Carter, 1882) (additional source)
Neofibularia nolitangere (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) (additional source)
Niphates digitalis (Lamarck, 1814) (additional source)
Niphates erecta Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 (additional source)
Oceanapia oleracea (Schmidt, 1870) (additional source)
Pachypellina podatypa (Laubenfels, 1934) accepted as Calyx podatypa (de Laubenfels, 1934) (additional source)
Pandaros acanthifolium Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 (additional source)
Pellina carbonaria (Lamarck, 1814) accepted as Neopetrosia carbonaria (Lamarck, 1814) (additional source)
Pellina nodosa (George & Wilson, 1919) accepted as Oceanapia nodosa (George & Wilson, 1919) (additional source)
Petrosia pellasarca (de Laubenfels, 1934) represented as Petrosia (Petrosia) pellasarca (de Laubenfels, 1934) (new combination reference)
Petrosia weinbergi van Soest, 1980 represented as Petrosia (Petrosia) weinbergi van Soest, 1980 (additional source)
Plakinastrella onkodes Uliczka, 1929 (basis of record)
Plakortis angulospiculatus (Carter, 1879) (additional source)
Plakortis halichondrioides (Wilson, 1902) (additional source)
Pseudaxinella lunaecharta (Ridley & Dendy, 1886) accepted as Dragmacidon lunaecharta (Ridley & Dendy, 1886) (additional source)
Pseudoceratina crassa (Hyatt, 1875) accepted as Aiolochroia crassa (Hyatt, 1875) (additional source)
Ptilocaulis walpersii (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) (additional source)
Sigmadocia caerulea Hechtel, 1965 accepted as Haliclona (Soestella) caerulea (Hechtel, 1965) (additional source)
Sigmadocia piscaderaensis van Soest, 1980 accepted as Haliclona (Soestella) piscaderaensis (van Soest, 1980) (additional source)
Siphonodictyon brevitubulatum Pang, 1973 (additional source)
Siphonodictyon coralliphagum Rützler, 1971 (additional source)
Smenospongia aurea (Hyatt, 1875) (additional source)
Spongia obscura Hyatt, 1877 represented as Spongia (Spongia) obscura sensu Hyatt, 1877 accepted as Spongia (Spongia) obscura Wiedenmayer, 1977 (additional source)
Spongia pertusa Hyatt, 1877 accepted as Spongia (Spongia) anclotea de Laubenfels & Storr, 1958 (additional source)
Strongylophora santa de Laubenfels, 1936 accepted as Neopetrosia carbonaria (Lamarck, 1814) (source of synonymy)
Tedania ignis (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) represented as Tedania (Tedania) ignis (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) (additional source)
Teichaxinella burtoni (de Laubenfels, 1934) accepted as Axinella corrugata (George & Wilson, 1919) (new combination reference)
Teichaxinella marquezi (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) accepted as Ptilocaulis marquezii (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) (new combination reference)
Ulosa funicularis Rützler, 1981 accepted as Dictyonella funicularis (Rützler, 1981) (additional source)
Ulosa ruetzleri Wiedenmayer, 1977 accepted as Scopalina ruetzleri (Wiedenmayer, 1977) (additional source)
Verongula rigida (Esper, 1794) (additional source)
Xestospongia muta (Schmidt, 1870) (additional source)
Xestospongia proxima (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) accepted as Neopetrosia proxima (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) (basis of record)
Xestospongia rampa (de Laubenfels, 1934) (status source)
Xestospongia rosariensis Zea & Rützler, 1983 accepted as Neopetrosia rosariensis (Zea & Rützler, 1983) (additional source)
Xestospongia subtriangularis (Duchassaing, 1850) accepted as Neopetrosia subtriangularis (Duchassaing, 1850) (additional source)
Acarnus (Acarnus) innominatus Gray, 1867 accepted as Acarnus innominatus Gray, 1867 (additional source)
Adocia implexiformis Hechtel, 1965 accepted as Haliclona (Reniera) implexiformis (Hechtel, 1965) (additional source)
Agelas clathrodes (Schmidt, 1870) (additional source)
Agelas conifera (Schmidt, 1870) (additional source)
Agelas dispar Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 (additional source)
Agelas sceptrum (Lamarck, 1815) (additional source)
Agelas schmidtii Wilson, 1902 (additional source)
Amphimedon compressa Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 (additional source)
Amphimedon erina (de Laubenfels, 1936) (additional source)
Amphimedon viridis Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 (additional source)
Aplysilla glacialis (Merejkowsky, 1878) (additional source)
Aplysina archeri (Higgin, 1875) (additional source)
Aplysina cauliformis (Carter, 1882) (additional source)
Aplysina fistularis f. insularis (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) represented as Aplysina insularis (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) (basis of record)
Aplysina fulva (Pallas, 1766) (additional source)
Aplysina lacunosa (Lamarck, 1814) (additional source)
Artemisina melana van Soest, 1984 (additional source)
Biemna tubulata (Dendy, 1905) (additional source)
Bubaris ammosclera Hechtel, 1969 (additional source)
Callyspongia (Callyspongia) fallax Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 (additional source)
Callyspongia (Callyspongia) pallida Hechtel, 1965 (additional source)
Callyspongia (Spinosella) armigera (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) accepted as Callyspongia (Cladochalina) armigera (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) (new combination reference)
Callyspongia (Spinosella) plicifera (Lamarck, 1814) accepted as Callyspongia (Cladochalina) plicifera (Lamarck, 1814) (additional source)
Callyspongia (Spinosella) vaginalis (Lamarck, 1814) accepted as Callyspongia (Cladochalina) aculeata (Linnaeus, 1759) (additional source)
Chelonaplysilla erecta (Row, 1911) (additional source)
Clathria (Microciona) calla (de Laubenfels, 1934) (additional source)
Clathria (Microciona) ferrea (de Laubenfels, 1936) (additional source)
Clathria (Microciona) simpsoni van Soest, 1984 accepted as Clathria (Microciona) echinata (Alcolado, 1984) (additional source)
Clathria (Microciona) spinosa (Wilson, 1902) (additional source)
Cribrochalina vasculum (Lamarck, 1814) (additional source)
Desmapsamma anchorata (Carter, 1882) (additional source)
Discodermia dissoluta Schmidt, 1880 (additional source)
Dysidea etheria de Laubenfels, 1936 (additional source)
Ectyoplasia ferox (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) (additional source)
Foliolina peltata Schmidt, 1870 accepted as Oceanapia peltata (Schmidt, 1870) (additional source)
Halichondria melanadocia de Laubenfels, 1936 represented as Halichondria (Halichondria) melanadocia de Laubenfels, 1936 (additional source)
Haliclona hogarthi Hechtel, 1965 accepted as Haliclona (Reniera) tubifera (George & Wilson, 1919) (additional source)
Hyattella intestinalis (Lamarck, 1814) (additional source)
Hyrtios proteus Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 (additional source)
Iotrochota birotulata (Higgin, 1877) (additional source)
Ircinia campana (Lamarck, 1814) (additional source)
Ircinia felix (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) (additional source)
Ircinia strobilina (Lamarck, 1816) (additional source)
Lissodendoryx isodictyalis (Carter, 1882) represented as Lissodendoryx (Lissodendoryx) isodictyalis (Carter, 1882) (additional source)
Monanchora unguifera (De Laubenfels, 1953) accepted as Monanchora arbuscula (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) (new combination reference)
Mycale (Acamasina) laxissima (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) accepted as Mycale (Arenochalina) laxissima (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) (additional source)
Mycale (Aegogropila) americana van Soest, 1984 (additional source)
Mycale (Aegogropila) arndti van Soest, 1984 (additional source)
Mycale (Mycale) laevis (Carter, 1882) (additional source)
Neofibularia nolitangere (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) (additional source)
Niphates digitalis (Lamarck, 1814) (additional source)
Niphates erecta Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 (additional source)
Oceanapia oleracea (Schmidt, 1870) (additional source)
Pachypellina podatypa (Laubenfels, 1934) accepted as Calyx podatypa (de Laubenfels, 1934) (additional source)
Pandaros acanthifolium Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 (additional source)
Pellina carbonaria (Lamarck, 1814) accepted as Neopetrosia carbonaria (Lamarck, 1814) (additional source)
Pellina nodosa (George & Wilson, 1919) accepted as Oceanapia nodosa (George & Wilson, 1919) (additional source)
Petrosia pellasarca (de Laubenfels, 1934) represented as Petrosia (Petrosia) pellasarca (de Laubenfels, 1934) (new combination reference)
Petrosia weinbergi van Soest, 1980 represented as Petrosia (Petrosia) weinbergi van Soest, 1980 (additional source)
Plakinastrella onkodes Uliczka, 1929 (basis of record)
Plakortis angulospiculatus (Carter, 1879) (additional source)
Plakortis halichondrioides (Wilson, 1902) (additional source)
Pseudaxinella lunaecharta (Ridley & Dendy, 1886) accepted as Dragmacidon lunaecharta (Ridley & Dendy, 1886) (additional source)
Pseudoceratina crassa (Hyatt, 1875) accepted as Aiolochroia crassa (Hyatt, 1875) (additional source)
Ptilocaulis walpersii (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) (additional source)
Sigmadocia caerulea Hechtel, 1965 accepted as Haliclona (Soestella) caerulea (Hechtel, 1965) (additional source)
Sigmadocia piscaderaensis van Soest, 1980 accepted as Haliclona (Soestella) piscaderaensis (van Soest, 1980) (additional source)
Siphonodictyon brevitubulatum Pang, 1973 (additional source)
Siphonodictyon coralliphagum Rützler, 1971 (additional source)
Smenospongia aurea (Hyatt, 1875) (additional source)
Spongia obscura Hyatt, 1877 represented as Spongia (Spongia) obscura sensu Hyatt, 1877 accepted as Spongia (Spongia) obscura Wiedenmayer, 1977 (additional source)
Spongia pertusa Hyatt, 1877 accepted as Spongia (Spongia) anclotea de Laubenfels & Storr, 1958 (additional source)
Strongylophora santa de Laubenfels, 1936 accepted as Neopetrosia carbonaria (Lamarck, 1814) (source of synonymy)
Tedania ignis (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) represented as Tedania (Tedania) ignis (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) (additional source)
Teichaxinella burtoni (de Laubenfels, 1934) accepted as Axinella corrugata (George & Wilson, 1919) (new combination reference)
Teichaxinella marquezi (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) accepted as Ptilocaulis marquezii (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) (new combination reference)
Ulosa funicularis Rützler, 1981 accepted as Dictyonella funicularis (Rützler, 1981) (additional source)
Ulosa ruetzleri Wiedenmayer, 1977 accepted as Scopalina ruetzleri (Wiedenmayer, 1977) (additional source)
Verongula rigida (Esper, 1794) (additional source)
Xestospongia muta (Schmidt, 1870) (additional source)
Xestospongia proxima (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) accepted as Neopetrosia proxima (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) (basis of record)
Xestospongia rampa (de Laubenfels, 1934) (status source)
Xestospongia rosariensis Zea & Rützler, 1983 accepted as Neopetrosia rosariensis (Zea & Rützler, 1983) (additional source)
Xestospongia subtriangularis (Duchassaing, 1850) accepted as Neopetrosia subtriangularis (Duchassaing, 1850) (additional source)
Colombian Exclusive Economic Zone for Agelas clathrodes (Schmidt, 1870)
Greater Antilles for Haliclona piscaderaensis (van Soest, 1980)
Greater Antilles for Xestospongia rosariensis Zea & Rützler, 1983
Southern Caribbean for Ircinia felix (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864)
Southern Caribbean for Pellina carbonaria (Lamarck, 1814)
Southwestern Caribbean for Acarnus (Acanthacarnus) souriei Lévi, 1952 (inaccurate)
Southwestern Caribbean for Acarnus (Acarnus) innominatus Gray, 1867
Southwestern Caribbean for Adocia implexiformis Hechtel, 1965
Southwestern Caribbean for Adocia implexiformis Hechtel, 1965
Southwestern Caribbean for Agelas clathrodes (Schmidt, 1870)
Southwestern Caribbean for Agelas conifera (Schmidt, 1870)
Southwestern Caribbean for Agelas conifera (Schmidt, 1870)
Southwestern Caribbean for Agelas dispar Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864
Southwestern Caribbean for Agelas dispar Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864
Southwestern Caribbean for Agelas sceptrum (Lamarck, 1815)
Southwestern Caribbean for Agelas sceptrum (Lamarck, 1815)
Southwestern Caribbean for Amphimedon compressa Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864
Southwestern Caribbean for Amphimedon compressa Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864
Southwestern Caribbean for Amphimedon erina (de Laubenfels, 1936)
Southwestern Caribbean for Amphimedon viridis Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864
Southwestern Caribbean for Aplysilla glacialis (Merejkowsky, 1878) (inaccurate)
Southwestern Caribbean for Aplysina archeri (Higgin, 1875)
Southwestern Caribbean for Aplysina archeri (Higgin, 1875)
Southwestern Caribbean for Aplysina archeri (Higgin, 1875)
Southwestern Caribbean for Aplysina cauliformis (Carter, 1882)
Southwestern Caribbean for Aplysina cauliformis (Carter, 1882)
Southwestern Caribbean for Aplysina cauliformis (Carter, 1882)
Southwestern Caribbean for Aplysina fistularis f. insularis (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864)
Southwestern Caribbean for Aplysina fulva (Pallas, 1766)
Southwestern Caribbean for Aplysina lacunosa (Lamarck, 1814)
Southwestern Caribbean for Aplysina lacunosa (Lamarck, 1814)
Southwestern Caribbean for Aplysina lacunosa (Lamarck, 1814)
Southwestern Caribbean for Artemisina melana van Soest, 1984
Southwestern Caribbean for Artemisina melana van Soest, 1984
Southwestern Caribbean for Biemna tubulata (Dendy, 1905) (inaccurate)
Southwestern Caribbean for Bubaris ammosclera Hechtel, 1969
Southwestern Caribbean for Callyspongia (Callyspongia) fallax Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864
Southwestern Caribbean for Callyspongia (Callyspongia) fallax Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864
Southwestern Caribbean for Callyspongia (Callyspongia) pallida Hechtel, 1965
Southwestern Caribbean for Callyspongia (Spinosella) armigera (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864)
Southwestern Caribbean for Callyspongia (Spinosella) armigera (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864)
Southwestern Caribbean for Callyspongia (Spinosella) plicifera (Lamarck, 1814)
Southwestern Caribbean for Callyspongia (Spinosella) vaginalis (Lamarck, 1814)
Southwestern Caribbean for Callyspongia (Spinosella) vaginalis (Lamarck, 1814)
Southwestern Caribbean for Callyspongia (Spinosella) vaginalis (Lamarck, 1814)
Southwestern Caribbean for Chelonaplysilla erecta (Row, 1911) (inaccurate)
Southwestern Caribbean for Clathria (Microciona) calla (de Laubenfels, 1934)
Southwestern Caribbean for Clathria (Microciona) ferrea (de Laubenfels, 1936)
Southwestern Caribbean for Clathria (Microciona) simpsoni van Soest, 1984
Southwestern Caribbean for Clathria (Microciona) spinosa (Wilson, 1902)
Southwestern Caribbean for Cribrochalina vasculum (Lamarck, 1814)
Southwestern Caribbean for Cribrochalina vasculum (Lamarck, 1814)
Southwestern Caribbean for Desmapsamma anchorata (Carter, 1882)
Southwestern Caribbean for Desmapsamma anchorata (Carter, 1882)
Southwestern Caribbean for Discodermia dissoluta Schmidt, 1880
Southwestern Caribbean for Dysidea etheria de Laubenfels, 1936
Southwestern Caribbean for Dysidea janiae (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864)
Southwestern Caribbean for Ectyoplasia ferox (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864)
Southwestern Caribbean for Ectyoplasia ferox (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864)
Southwestern Caribbean for Ectyoplasia ferox (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864)
Southwestern Caribbean for Foliolina peltata Schmidt, 1870
Southwestern Caribbean for Foliolina peltata Schmidt, 1870
Southwestern Caribbean for Halichondria melanadocia de Laubenfels, 1936
Southwestern Caribbean for Halichondria melanadocia de Laubenfels, 1936
Southwestern Caribbean for Halichondria melanadocia de Laubenfels, 1936
Southwestern Caribbean for Haliclona hogarthi Hechtel, 1965
Southwestern Caribbean for Haliclona hogarthi Hechtel, 1965
Southwestern Caribbean for Hyattella intestinalis (Lamarck, 1814) (inaccurate)
Southwestern Caribbean for Hyrtios proteus Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864
Southwestern Caribbean for Hyrtios proteus Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864
Southwestern Caribbean for Iotrochota birotulata (Higgin, 1877)
Southwestern Caribbean for Iotrochota birotulata (Higgin, 1877)
Southwestern Caribbean for Ircinia campana (Lamarck, 1814)
Southwestern Caribbean for Ircinia campana (Lamarck, 1814)
Southwestern Caribbean for Ircinia felix (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864)
Southwestern Caribbean for Ircinia felix (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864)
Southwestern Caribbean for Ircinia strobilina (Lamarck, 1816)
Southwestern Caribbean for Ircinia strobilina (Lamarck, 1816)
Southwestern Caribbean for Ircinia strobilina (Lamarck, 1816)
Southwestern Caribbean for Lissodendoryx isodictyalis (Carter, 1882)
Southwestern Caribbean for Monanchora unguifera (De Laubenfels, 1953)
Southwestern Caribbean for Monanchora unguifera (De Laubenfels, 1953)
Southwestern Caribbean for Monanchora unguifera (De Laubenfels, 1953)
Southwestern Caribbean for Monanchora unguifera (De Laubenfels, 1953)
Southwestern Caribbean for Mycale (Acamasina) laxissima (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864)
Southwestern Caribbean for Mycale (Acamasina) laxissima (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864)
Southwestern Caribbean for Mycale (Aegogropila) americana van Soest, 1984
Southwestern Caribbean for Mycale (Aegogropila) arndti van Soest, 1984
Southwestern Caribbean for Mycale (Mycale) laevis (Carter, 1882)
Southwestern Caribbean for Mycale (Mycale) laevis (Carter, 1882)
Southwestern Caribbean for Niphates alba van Soest, 1980
Southwestern Caribbean for Niphates digitalis (Lamarck, 1814)
Southwestern Caribbean for Niphates digitalis (Lamarck, 1814)
Southwestern Caribbean for Niphates erecta Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864
Southwestern Caribbean for Niphates erecta Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864
Southwestern Caribbean for Niphates erecta Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864
Southwestern Caribbean for Oceanapia bartschi (de Laubenfels, 1934)
Southwestern Caribbean for Oceanapia bartschi (de Laubenfels, 1934)
Southwestern Caribbean for Oceanapia oleracea (Schmidt, 1870)
Southwestern Caribbean for Pachypellina podatypa (Laubenfels, 1934)
Greater Antilles for Haliclona piscaderaensis (van Soest, 1980)
Greater Antilles for Xestospongia rosariensis Zea & Rützler, 1983
Southern Caribbean for Ircinia felix (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864)
Southern Caribbean for Pellina carbonaria (Lamarck, 1814)
Southwestern Caribbean for Acarnus (Acanthacarnus) souriei Lévi, 1952 (inaccurate)
Southwestern Caribbean for Acarnus (Acarnus) innominatus Gray, 1867
Southwestern Caribbean for Adocia implexiformis Hechtel, 1965
Southwestern Caribbean for Adocia implexiformis Hechtel, 1965
Southwestern Caribbean for Agelas clathrodes (Schmidt, 1870)
Southwestern Caribbean for Agelas conifera (Schmidt, 1870)
Southwestern Caribbean for Agelas conifera (Schmidt, 1870)
Southwestern Caribbean for Agelas dispar Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864
Southwestern Caribbean for Agelas dispar Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864
Southwestern Caribbean for Agelas sceptrum (Lamarck, 1815)
Southwestern Caribbean for Agelas sceptrum (Lamarck, 1815)
Southwestern Caribbean for Amphimedon compressa Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864
Southwestern Caribbean for Amphimedon compressa Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864
Southwestern Caribbean for Amphimedon erina (de Laubenfels, 1936)
Southwestern Caribbean for Amphimedon viridis Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864
Southwestern Caribbean for Aplysilla glacialis (Merejkowsky, 1878) (inaccurate)
Southwestern Caribbean for Aplysina archeri (Higgin, 1875)
Southwestern Caribbean for Aplysina archeri (Higgin, 1875)
Southwestern Caribbean for Aplysina archeri (Higgin, 1875)
Southwestern Caribbean for Aplysina cauliformis (Carter, 1882)
Southwestern Caribbean for Aplysina cauliformis (Carter, 1882)
Southwestern Caribbean for Aplysina cauliformis (Carter, 1882)
Southwestern Caribbean for Aplysina fistularis f. insularis (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864)
Southwestern Caribbean for Aplysina fulva (Pallas, 1766)
Southwestern Caribbean for Aplysina lacunosa (Lamarck, 1814)
Southwestern Caribbean for Aplysina lacunosa (Lamarck, 1814)
Southwestern Caribbean for Aplysina lacunosa (Lamarck, 1814)
Southwestern Caribbean for Artemisina melana van Soest, 1984
Southwestern Caribbean for Artemisina melana van Soest, 1984
Southwestern Caribbean for Biemna tubulata (Dendy, 1905) (inaccurate)
Southwestern Caribbean for Bubaris ammosclera Hechtel, 1969
Southwestern Caribbean for Callyspongia (Callyspongia) fallax Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864
Southwestern Caribbean for Callyspongia (Callyspongia) fallax Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864
Southwestern Caribbean for Callyspongia (Callyspongia) pallida Hechtel, 1965
Southwestern Caribbean for Callyspongia (Spinosella) armigera (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864)
Southwestern Caribbean for Callyspongia (Spinosella) armigera (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864)
Southwestern Caribbean for Callyspongia (Spinosella) plicifera (Lamarck, 1814)
Southwestern Caribbean for Callyspongia (Spinosella) vaginalis (Lamarck, 1814)
Southwestern Caribbean for Callyspongia (Spinosella) vaginalis (Lamarck, 1814)
Southwestern Caribbean for Callyspongia (Spinosella) vaginalis (Lamarck, 1814)
Southwestern Caribbean for Chelonaplysilla erecta (Row, 1911) (inaccurate)
Southwestern Caribbean for Clathria (Microciona) calla (de Laubenfels, 1934)
Southwestern Caribbean for Clathria (Microciona) ferrea (de Laubenfels, 1936)
Southwestern Caribbean for Clathria (Microciona) simpsoni van Soest, 1984
Southwestern Caribbean for Clathria (Microciona) spinosa (Wilson, 1902)
Southwestern Caribbean for Cribrochalina vasculum (Lamarck, 1814)
Southwestern Caribbean for Cribrochalina vasculum (Lamarck, 1814)
Southwestern Caribbean for Desmapsamma anchorata (Carter, 1882)
Southwestern Caribbean for Desmapsamma anchorata (Carter, 1882)
Southwestern Caribbean for Discodermia dissoluta Schmidt, 1880
Southwestern Caribbean for Dysidea etheria de Laubenfels, 1936
Southwestern Caribbean for Dysidea janiae (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864)
Southwestern Caribbean for Ectyoplasia ferox (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864)
Southwestern Caribbean for Ectyoplasia ferox (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864)
Southwestern Caribbean for Ectyoplasia ferox (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864)
Southwestern Caribbean for Foliolina peltata Schmidt, 1870
Southwestern Caribbean for Foliolina peltata Schmidt, 1870
Southwestern Caribbean for Halichondria melanadocia de Laubenfels, 1936
Southwestern Caribbean for Halichondria melanadocia de Laubenfels, 1936
Southwestern Caribbean for Halichondria melanadocia de Laubenfels, 1936
Southwestern Caribbean for Haliclona hogarthi Hechtel, 1965
Southwestern Caribbean for Haliclona hogarthi Hechtel, 1965
Southwestern Caribbean for Hyattella intestinalis (Lamarck, 1814) (inaccurate)
Southwestern Caribbean for Hyrtios proteus Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864
Southwestern Caribbean for Hyrtios proteus Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864
Southwestern Caribbean for Iotrochota birotulata (Higgin, 1877)
Southwestern Caribbean for Iotrochota birotulata (Higgin, 1877)
Southwestern Caribbean for Ircinia campana (Lamarck, 1814)
Southwestern Caribbean for Ircinia campana (Lamarck, 1814)
Southwestern Caribbean for Ircinia felix (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864)
Southwestern Caribbean for Ircinia felix (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864)
Southwestern Caribbean for Ircinia strobilina (Lamarck, 1816)
Southwestern Caribbean for Ircinia strobilina (Lamarck, 1816)
Southwestern Caribbean for Ircinia strobilina (Lamarck, 1816)
Southwestern Caribbean for Lissodendoryx isodictyalis (Carter, 1882)
Southwestern Caribbean for Monanchora unguifera (De Laubenfels, 1953)
Southwestern Caribbean for Monanchora unguifera (De Laubenfels, 1953)
Southwestern Caribbean for Monanchora unguifera (De Laubenfels, 1953)
Southwestern Caribbean for Monanchora unguifera (De Laubenfels, 1953)
Southwestern Caribbean for Mycale (Acamasina) laxissima (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864)
Southwestern Caribbean for Mycale (Acamasina) laxissima (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864)
Southwestern Caribbean for Mycale (Aegogropila) americana van Soest, 1984
Southwestern Caribbean for Mycale (Aegogropila) arndti van Soest, 1984
Southwestern Caribbean for Mycale (Mycale) laevis (Carter, 1882)
Southwestern Caribbean for Mycale (Mycale) laevis (Carter, 1882)
Southwestern Caribbean for Niphates alba van Soest, 1980
Southwestern Caribbean for Niphates digitalis (Lamarck, 1814)
Southwestern Caribbean for Niphates digitalis (Lamarck, 1814)
Southwestern Caribbean for Niphates erecta Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864
Southwestern Caribbean for Niphates erecta Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864
Southwestern Caribbean for Niphates erecta Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864
Southwestern Caribbean for Oceanapia bartschi (de Laubenfels, 1934)
Southwestern Caribbean for Oceanapia bartschi (de Laubenfels, 1934)
Southwestern Caribbean for Oceanapia oleracea (Schmidt, 1870)
Southwestern Caribbean for Pachypellina podatypa (Laubenfels, 1934)
Holotype USNM 22333, geounit Greater Antilles, identified as Axociella calla de Laubenfels, 1934
Validity
Zea (1987: 114) re-examined the type material of Strongylophora rampa and concluded that it is a junior synonym of ... [details]
