WoRMS source details
Hooper, J.N.A. (2002). Family Raspailiidae Hentschel, 1923. pp. 469-510. In Hooper, J.N.A. & Van Soest, R.W.M. (eds.) Systema Porifera. Guide to the classification of sponges. Vol. 1. (Kluwer Academic/ Plenum Publishers: New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow).
9017
Hooper, J.N.A.
2002
Family Raspailiidae Hentschel, 1923. pp. 469-510. <i>In</i> Hooper, J.N.A. & Van Soest, R.W.M. (eds.) Systema Porifera. Guide to the classification of sponges. Vol. 1. (Kluwer Academic/ Plenum Publishers: New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow)
Publication
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Raspailiidae Hentschel (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida), including Euryponidae Topsent, contains 60 nominal genera of which 19 are valid (one incertae sedis), with 7 subgenera, and approximately 270 named species worldwide, mainly from shallow waters and a few from abyssal depths. Species have a typically hispid surface, with genera differentiated mainly on the basis of three morphological characters: skeletal architecture ranging from axial compression to reticulate, plumo-reticulate or plumose skeletons; the presence or absence of a specialized ectosomal skeleton (apomorphic for the family, whereby small ectosomal megascleres form bouquets surrounding the longer choanosomal or subectosomal megascleres that penetrate the surface); and geometric modifications to echinating megascleres (with about 15 distinct morphologies recognised). Five new subfamilies are established, based on geometry of echinating megascleres and skeletal structure.
Systematics, Taxonomy
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2013-01-12 18:30:12Z
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Abila Gray, 1867 accepted as Raspailia (Raspailia) Nardo, 1833 (basis of record)
Acantheurypon Topsent, 1927 (basis of record)
Amphinomia Hooper, 1991 (taxonomy source)
Amphinomia sulphurea Hooper, 1991 (basis of record)
Aulospongiella Burton, 1956 accepted as Aulospongus Norman, 1878 (basis of record)
Aulospongus Norman, 1878 (basis of record)
Aulospongus tubulatus (Bowerbank, 1873) (basis of record)
Axechina Hentschel, 1912 (basis of record)
Axechina raspailioides Hentschel, 1912 (additional source)
Axinectya Hallmann, 1917 accepted as Raspailia (Raspaxilla) Topsent, 1913 (basis of record)
Axinella rugosa Schmidt, 1870 accepted as Ceratopsion rugosum (Schmidt, 1870) (basis of record)
Axoplocamia Burton, 1935 accepted as Plocamione Topsent, 1927 (basis of record)
Axoplocamia ornata (Dendy, 1924) accepted as Plocamione ornata (Dendy, 1924) (basis of record)
Basiectyon Vacelet, 1961 accepted as Endectyon (Endectyon) Topsent, 1920 (basis of record)
Basiectyon pilosus Vacelet, 1961 accepted as Endectyon (Endectyon) pilosum (Vacelet, 1961) (basis of record)
Bubaris ornata Dendy, 1924 accepted as Plocamione ornata (Dendy, 1924) (basis of record)
Cantabrina Ferrer Hernández, 1914 (basis of record)
Cantabrina erecta Ferrer Hernández, 1914 (basis of record)
Ceratopsion Strand, 1928 (basis of record)
Ceratopsion expansum (Thiele, 1898) (basis of record)
Ceratopsion ramosum (Thiele, 1898) (basis of record)
Ceratopsion rugosum (Schmidt, 1870) (new combination reference)
Ceratopsis Thiele, 1898 accepted as Ceratopsion Strand, 1928 (additional source)
Ceratopsis expansa Thiele, 1898 accepted as Ceratopsion expansum (Thiele, 1898) (basis of record)
Clathriodendron Lendenfeld, 1888 accepted as Raspailia (Clathriodendron) Lendenfeld, 1888 (basis of record)
Clathriodendron arbuscula Lendenfeld, 1888 represented as Raspailia (Clathriodendron) arbuscula (Lendenfeld, 1888) (additional source)
Cyamon Gray, 1867 (basis of record)
Cyamon vickersii (Bowerbank, 1864) (basis of record)
Cyamoninae Hooper, 2002 (original description)
Dictyocylindrus Bowerbank, 1862 accepted as Raspailia (Clathriodendron) Lendenfeld, 1888 (basis of record)
Dictyocylindrus vickersii Bowerbank, 1864 accepted as Cyamon vickersii (Bowerbank, 1864) (basis of record)
Dragmatyle Topsent, 1904 accepted as Eurypon Gray, 1867 (basis of record)
Dragmatyle lictor Topsent, 1904 accepted as Eurypon lictor (Topsent, 1904) (basis of record)
Echinaxia Hallmann, 1916 accepted as Raspailia (Raspaxilla) Topsent, 1913 (basis of record)
Echinodictyinae Hooper, 2002 (original description)
Echinodictyum Ridley, 1881 (basis of record)
Echinodictyum antrodes (de Laubenfels, 1954) (basis of record)
Ectyoplasia Topsent, 1931 (basis of record)
Endectyon Topsent, 1920 (basis of record)
Endectyon (Endectyon) Topsent, 1920 (basis of record)
Endectyon (Endectyon) pilosum (Vacelet, 1961) (basis of record)
Endectyon (Endectyon) tenax (Schmidt, 1870) (additional source)
Endectyon (Hemectyon) Topsent, 1920 (basis of record)
Endectyon (Hemectyon) hamatum (Schmidt, 1870) (additional source)
Epicles Gray, 1867 accepted as Eurypon Gray, 1867 (basis of record)
Eurypon Gray, 1867 (basis of record)
Eurypon cactoides (Burton & Rao, 1932) (basis of record)
Eurypon lictor (Topsent, 1904) (basis of record)
Eurypon pilosella (Topsent, 1904) accepted as Acantheurypon pilosella (Topsent, 1904) (basis of record)
Eurypon polyplumosum (Lévi, 1958) (basis of record)
Eurypon viride (Topsent, 1889) (basis of record)
Halichondria aculeata Johnston, 1842 accepted as Raspaciona aculeata (Johnston, 1842) (additional source)
Haliphysema sensu Bowerbank, 1873 accepted as Aulospongus Norman, 1878 (basis of record)
Haliphysema tubulatum Bowerbank, 1873 accepted as Aulospongus tubulatus (Bowerbank, 1873) (basis of record)
Hemectyon Topsent, 1920 accepted as Endectyon (Hemectyon) Topsent, 1920 (basis of record)
Hemectyon hamatum (Schmidt, 1870) accepted as Endectyon (Hemectyon) hamatum (Schmidt, 1870) (basis of record)
Hemectyonilla Burton, 1959 accepted as Aulospongus Norman, 1878 (basis of record)
Heterectya Hallmann, 1917 accepted as Aulospongus Norman, 1878 (basis of record)
Hymeniacidon caliculatum Kirkpatrick, 1903 accepted as Waltherarndtia caliculatum (Kirkpatrick, 1903) (redescription)
Hymeniacidon caliculatum var. osculatum Kirkpatrick, 1903 accepted as Waltherarndtia caliculatum (Kirkpatrick, 1903) (basis of record)
Hymeraphia Bowerbank, 1864 (basis of record)
Hymeraphia clavata Bowerbank, 1866 accepted as Eurypon clavatum (Bowerbank, 1866) (basis of record)
Hymeraphia pilosella Topsent, 1904 accepted as Acantheurypon pilosella (Topsent, 1904) (basis of record)
Hymeraphia radiata (Bowerbank, 1866) accepted as Eurypon radiatum (Bowerbank, 1866) (basis of record)
Hymeraphia stellifera Bowerbank, 1864 (basis of record)
Hymeraphia toureti Topsent, 1894 accepted as Eurypon toureti (Topsent, 1894) (basis of record)
Hymeraphia verticillata Bowerbank, 1866 accepted as Halicnemia verticillata (Bowerbank, 1866) (basis of record)
Hymeraphia viridis Topsent, 1889 accepted as Eurypon viride (Topsent, 1889) (additional source)
Janulum de Laubenfels, 1936 (additional source)
Janulum spinispiculum (Carter, 1876) (additional source)
Kalykenteron Lendenfeld, 1888 accepted as Echinodictyum Ridley, 1881 (basis of record)
Kalykenteron elegans Lendenfeld, 1888 accepted as Echinodictyum mesenterinum (Lamarck, 1814) (basis of record)
Kalykenteron silex Lendenfeld, 1888 accepted as Echinodictyum mesenterinum (Lamarck, 1814) (basis of record)
Kieplitela de Laubenfels, 1954 accepted as Echinodictyum Ridley, 1881 (basis of record)
Kieplitela antrodes de Laubenfels, 1954 accepted as Echinodictyum antrodes (de Laubenfels, 1954) (basis of record)
Leptochelastra Laubenfels, 1936 accepted as Eurypon Gray, 1867 (basis of record)
Leptochelastra toureti (Topsent, 1894) accepted as Eurypon toureti (Topsent, 1894) (basis of record)
Lithoplocamia Dendy, 1922 (basis of record)
Lithoplocamia atlantica (Lévi & Vacelet, 1958) (basis of record)
Lithoplocamia lithistoides Dendy, 1922 (basis of record)
Lithoplocamia spinispiculum (Carter, 1876) accepted as Janulum spinispiculum (Carter, 1876) (source of synonymy)
Monectyon Lévi & Vacelet, 1958 accepted as Lithoplocamia Dendy, 1922 (basis of record)
Monectyon atlanticus Lévi & Vacelet, 1958 accepted as Lithoplocamia atlantica (Lévi & Vacelet, 1958) (basis of record)
Ommatosa Laubenfels, 1936 accepted as Ceratopsion Strand, 1928 (basis of record)
Ommatosa rugosa (Schmidt, 1870) accepted as Ceratopsion rugosum (Schmidt, 1870) (basis of record)
Phakellia tenax Schmidt, 1870 accepted as Endectyon (Endectyon) tenax (Schmidt, 1870) (additional source)
Plectronella Sollas, 1879 accepted as Trikentrion Ehlers, 1870 (basis of record)
Plectronella papillosa Sollas, 1879 accepted as Trikentrion muricatum (Pallas, 1766) (basis of record)
Plocamia clopetaria Schmidt, 1870 accepted as Plocamione clopetaria (Schmidt, 1870) (basis of record)
Plocamione Topsent, 1927 (basis of record)
Plocamione clopetaria (Schmidt, 1870) (basis of record)
Plocamione dirrhopalina Topsent, 1927 (basis of record)
Plocamione ornata (Dendy, 1924) (basis of record)
Plocamione pachysclera (Lévi & Lévi, 1983) (basis of record)
Plocamioninae Hooper, 2002 (original description)
Proraspailia Lévi, 1958 accepted as Eurypon Gray, 1867 (basis of record)
Proraspailia polyplumosa Lévi, 1958 accepted as Eurypon polyplumosum (Lévi, 1958) (basis of record)
Protoraspailia Burton & Rao, 1932 accepted as Eurypon Gray, 1867 (basis of record)
Protoraspailia cactoides Burton & Rao, 1932 accepted as Eurypon cactoides (Burton & Rao, 1932) (basis of record)
Quizilla Laubenfels, 1936 accepted as Eurypon Gray, 1867 (basis of record)
Acantheurypon Topsent, 1927 (basis of record)
Amphinomia Hooper, 1991 (taxonomy source)
Amphinomia sulphurea Hooper, 1991 (basis of record)
Aulospongiella Burton, 1956 accepted as Aulospongus Norman, 1878 (basis of record)
Aulospongus Norman, 1878 (basis of record)
Aulospongus tubulatus (Bowerbank, 1873) (basis of record)
Axechina Hentschel, 1912 (basis of record)
Axechina raspailioides Hentschel, 1912 (additional source)
Axinectya Hallmann, 1917 accepted as Raspailia (Raspaxilla) Topsent, 1913 (basis of record)
Axinella rugosa Schmidt, 1870 accepted as Ceratopsion rugosum (Schmidt, 1870) (basis of record)
Axoplocamia Burton, 1935 accepted as Plocamione Topsent, 1927 (basis of record)
Axoplocamia ornata (Dendy, 1924) accepted as Plocamione ornata (Dendy, 1924) (basis of record)
Basiectyon Vacelet, 1961 accepted as Endectyon (Endectyon) Topsent, 1920 (basis of record)
Basiectyon pilosus Vacelet, 1961 accepted as Endectyon (Endectyon) pilosum (Vacelet, 1961) (basis of record)
Bubaris ornata Dendy, 1924 accepted as Plocamione ornata (Dendy, 1924) (basis of record)
Cantabrina Ferrer Hernández, 1914 (basis of record)
Cantabrina erecta Ferrer Hernández, 1914 (basis of record)
Ceratopsion Strand, 1928 (basis of record)
Ceratopsion expansum (Thiele, 1898) (basis of record)
Ceratopsion ramosum (Thiele, 1898) (basis of record)
Ceratopsion rugosum (Schmidt, 1870) (new combination reference)
Ceratopsis Thiele, 1898 accepted as Ceratopsion Strand, 1928 (additional source)
Ceratopsis expansa Thiele, 1898 accepted as Ceratopsion expansum (Thiele, 1898) (basis of record)
Clathriodendron Lendenfeld, 1888 accepted as Raspailia (Clathriodendron) Lendenfeld, 1888 (basis of record)
Clathriodendron arbuscula Lendenfeld, 1888 represented as Raspailia (Clathriodendron) arbuscula (Lendenfeld, 1888) (additional source)
Cyamon Gray, 1867 (basis of record)
Cyamon vickersii (Bowerbank, 1864) (basis of record)
Cyamoninae Hooper, 2002 (original description)
Dictyocylindrus Bowerbank, 1862 accepted as Raspailia (Clathriodendron) Lendenfeld, 1888 (basis of record)
Dictyocylindrus vickersii Bowerbank, 1864 accepted as Cyamon vickersii (Bowerbank, 1864) (basis of record)
Dragmatyle Topsent, 1904 accepted as Eurypon Gray, 1867 (basis of record)
Dragmatyle lictor Topsent, 1904 accepted as Eurypon lictor (Topsent, 1904) (basis of record)
Echinaxia Hallmann, 1916 accepted as Raspailia (Raspaxilla) Topsent, 1913 (basis of record)
Echinodictyinae Hooper, 2002 (original description)
Echinodictyum Ridley, 1881 (basis of record)
Echinodictyum antrodes (de Laubenfels, 1954) (basis of record)
Ectyoplasia Topsent, 1931 (basis of record)
Endectyon Topsent, 1920 (basis of record)
Endectyon (Endectyon) Topsent, 1920 (basis of record)
Endectyon (Endectyon) pilosum (Vacelet, 1961) (basis of record)
Endectyon (Endectyon) tenax (Schmidt, 1870) (additional source)
Endectyon (Hemectyon) Topsent, 1920 (basis of record)
Endectyon (Hemectyon) hamatum (Schmidt, 1870) (additional source)
Epicles Gray, 1867 accepted as Eurypon Gray, 1867 (basis of record)
Eurypon Gray, 1867 (basis of record)
Eurypon cactoides (Burton & Rao, 1932) (basis of record)
Eurypon lictor (Topsent, 1904) (basis of record)
Eurypon pilosella (Topsent, 1904) accepted as Acantheurypon pilosella (Topsent, 1904) (basis of record)
Eurypon polyplumosum (Lévi, 1958) (basis of record)
Eurypon viride (Topsent, 1889) (basis of record)
Halichondria aculeata Johnston, 1842 accepted as Raspaciona aculeata (Johnston, 1842) (additional source)
Haliphysema sensu Bowerbank, 1873 accepted as Aulospongus Norman, 1878 (basis of record)
Haliphysema tubulatum Bowerbank, 1873 accepted as Aulospongus tubulatus (Bowerbank, 1873) (basis of record)
Hemectyon Topsent, 1920 accepted as Endectyon (Hemectyon) Topsent, 1920 (basis of record)
Hemectyon hamatum (Schmidt, 1870) accepted as Endectyon (Hemectyon) hamatum (Schmidt, 1870) (basis of record)
Hemectyonilla Burton, 1959 accepted as Aulospongus Norman, 1878 (basis of record)
Heterectya Hallmann, 1917 accepted as Aulospongus Norman, 1878 (basis of record)
Hymeniacidon caliculatum Kirkpatrick, 1903 accepted as Waltherarndtia caliculatum (Kirkpatrick, 1903) (redescription)
Hymeniacidon caliculatum var. osculatum Kirkpatrick, 1903 accepted as Waltherarndtia caliculatum (Kirkpatrick, 1903) (basis of record)
Hymeraphia Bowerbank, 1864 (basis of record)
Hymeraphia clavata Bowerbank, 1866 accepted as Eurypon clavatum (Bowerbank, 1866) (basis of record)
Hymeraphia pilosella Topsent, 1904 accepted as Acantheurypon pilosella (Topsent, 1904) (basis of record)
Hymeraphia radiata (Bowerbank, 1866) accepted as Eurypon radiatum (Bowerbank, 1866) (basis of record)
Hymeraphia stellifera Bowerbank, 1864 (basis of record)
Hymeraphia toureti Topsent, 1894 accepted as Eurypon toureti (Topsent, 1894) (basis of record)
Hymeraphia verticillata Bowerbank, 1866 accepted as Halicnemia verticillata (Bowerbank, 1866) (basis of record)
Hymeraphia viridis Topsent, 1889 accepted as Eurypon viride (Topsent, 1889) (additional source)
Janulum de Laubenfels, 1936 (additional source)
Janulum spinispiculum (Carter, 1876) (additional source)
Kalykenteron Lendenfeld, 1888 accepted as Echinodictyum Ridley, 1881 (basis of record)
Kalykenteron elegans Lendenfeld, 1888 accepted as Echinodictyum mesenterinum (Lamarck, 1814) (basis of record)
Kalykenteron silex Lendenfeld, 1888 accepted as Echinodictyum mesenterinum (Lamarck, 1814) (basis of record)
Kieplitela de Laubenfels, 1954 accepted as Echinodictyum Ridley, 1881 (basis of record)
Kieplitela antrodes de Laubenfels, 1954 accepted as Echinodictyum antrodes (de Laubenfels, 1954) (basis of record)
Leptochelastra Laubenfels, 1936 accepted as Eurypon Gray, 1867 (basis of record)
Leptochelastra toureti (Topsent, 1894) accepted as Eurypon toureti (Topsent, 1894) (basis of record)
Lithoplocamia Dendy, 1922 (basis of record)
Lithoplocamia atlantica (Lévi & Vacelet, 1958) (basis of record)
Lithoplocamia lithistoides Dendy, 1922 (basis of record)
Lithoplocamia spinispiculum (Carter, 1876) accepted as Janulum spinispiculum (Carter, 1876) (source of synonymy)
Monectyon Lévi & Vacelet, 1958 accepted as Lithoplocamia Dendy, 1922 (basis of record)
Monectyon atlanticus Lévi & Vacelet, 1958 accepted as Lithoplocamia atlantica (Lévi & Vacelet, 1958) (basis of record)
Ommatosa Laubenfels, 1936 accepted as Ceratopsion Strand, 1928 (basis of record)
Ommatosa rugosa (Schmidt, 1870) accepted as Ceratopsion rugosum (Schmidt, 1870) (basis of record)
Phakellia tenax Schmidt, 1870 accepted as Endectyon (Endectyon) tenax (Schmidt, 1870) (additional source)
Plectronella Sollas, 1879 accepted as Trikentrion Ehlers, 1870 (basis of record)
Plectronella papillosa Sollas, 1879 accepted as Trikentrion muricatum (Pallas, 1766) (basis of record)
Plocamia clopetaria Schmidt, 1870 accepted as Plocamione clopetaria (Schmidt, 1870) (basis of record)
Plocamione Topsent, 1927 (basis of record)
Plocamione clopetaria (Schmidt, 1870) (basis of record)
Plocamione dirrhopalina Topsent, 1927 (basis of record)
Plocamione ornata (Dendy, 1924) (basis of record)
Plocamione pachysclera (Lévi & Lévi, 1983) (basis of record)
Plocamioninae Hooper, 2002 (original description)
Proraspailia Lévi, 1958 accepted as Eurypon Gray, 1867 (basis of record)
Proraspailia polyplumosa Lévi, 1958 accepted as Eurypon polyplumosum (Lévi, 1958) (basis of record)
Protoraspailia Burton & Rao, 1932 accepted as Eurypon Gray, 1867 (basis of record)
Protoraspailia cactoides Burton & Rao, 1932 accepted as Eurypon cactoides (Burton & Rao, 1932) (basis of record)
Quizilla Laubenfels, 1936 accepted as Eurypon Gray, 1867 (basis of record)
Holotype BMNH 1877.5.21.1887, identified as Dictyocylindrus vickersii Bowerbank, 1864
Classification
Raspailiidae has had a chequered history. The family was variously considered related to microcionid and axinellid ... [details]
