WoRMS

WoRMS source details

Name

Southward, E.C.; Campbell, A.C. (2006). [Echinoderms: keys and notes for the identification of British species]. Synopses of the British fauna (new series), 56. Field Studies Council: Shrewsbury, UK. ISBN 1-85153-269-2. 272 pp.

SourceID

9214

Type

Publication

IMIS-ID

98647

Sessions

Date

action

2013-01-12 18:30:12Z

created

db_admin

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Authority

for Ocnus brunneus (Forbes in Thompson, 1840)

(Forbes M.S. in Thompson, 1840) [details]

Authority

for Ophiura robusta (Ayres, 1852)

Ayres, 1851 [details]

Authority

for Psolus squamatus (O.F. Müller, 1776)

Koren, 1844 [details]

Authority

for Pteraster pulvillus M. Sars, 1861

M. Sars, 1861 [details]

Authority

for Stichopus tremulus (Gunnerus, 1767)

(Gunnerus, 1767) [details]

Breeding

for Amphipholis squamata (Delle Chiaje, 1828)

Hermaphrodite, possibly self-fertilising, viviparous. May-September? [details]

Breeding

for Amphiura (Acrocnida) brachiata (Montagu, 1804)

Yolky eggs. Spring [details]

Breeding

for Amphiura chiajei Forbes, 1843

Ophiopluteus larva. Autumn. [details]

Breeding

for Amphiura filiformis (O.F. Müller, 1776)

Ophiopluteus larva. Summer [details]

Breeding

for Anseropoda placenta (Pennant, 1777)

Large eggs. Summer [details]

Breeding

for Antedon bifida (Pennant, 1777)

Eggs, attached to genital pinnules, hatch to barrel-shaped ciliated larva; settlement stage is pentacrinoid. All ... [details]

Breeding

for Antedon petasus (Düben & Koren, 1846)

Eggs, shed freely, larvae and pentacrinoid as in A. bifida. [details]

Breeding

for Asterias rubens Linnaeus, 1758

Planktonic bipinnaria and brachilaria larva. Summer [details]

Breeding

for Asterina gibbosa (Pennant, 1777)

Protandrous hermaphrodite; eggs are laid in creviices, but are not brooded. Summer [details]

Breeding

for Asterina phylactica Emson & Crump, 1979

Simultaneous hermaphrodite. Eggs are laid in masses and are brooded for three weeks under the humped body. May-June. [details]

Breeding

for Asteronyx loveni Müller & Troschel, 1842

Large eggs, probably direct development [details]

Breeding

for Astropecten irregularis (Pennant, 1777)

Bipinnaria larva. Summer. [details]

Breeding

for Cidaris cidaris (Linnaeus, 1758)

Echinopluteus larva [details]

Breeding

for Crossaster papposus (Linnaeus, 1767)

Direct development? Winter [details]

Breeding

for Cucumaria frondosa (Gunnerus, 1767)

Barrel - shaped, red larvae. Early spring [details]

Breeding

for Echinaster (Echinaster) sepositus (Retzius, 1783)

Large red eggs. Summer [details]

Breeding

for Echinocardium cordatum (Pennant, 1777)

Echinopluteus larva. Summer [details]

Breeding

for Echinocardium flavescens (O.F. Müller, 1776)

Mature early summer [details]

Breeding

for Echinocyamus pusillus (O.F. Müller, 1776)

Echinopluteus larva. Summer - autumn [details]

Breeding

for Echinus acutus Lamarck, 1816

Echinopluteus larva. Summer [details]

Breeding

for Echinus esculentus Linnaeus, 1758

Echinopluteus larva. Early sumer [details]

Breeding

for Ekmania barthii (Troschel, 1846)

Large eggs; probably direct development [details]

Breeding

for Gorgonocephalus caputmedusae (Linnaeus, 1758)

Eggs released, larvae not known. Juveniles of the Arctic species G. eucnemis are known to live on, or in, the ... [details]

Breeding

for Henricia oculata (Pennant, 1777)

Lecithotrophic, probaly planktonic larva. Spring [details]

Breeding

for Henricia perforata (O.F. Müller, 1776)

Probably involves planktonic larva [details]

Breeding

for Henricia pertusa (O.F. Müller, 1776)

Probably involving planktonic larva [details]

Breeding

for Henricia sanguinolenta (O.F. Müller, 1776)

Broods young. Spring [details]

Breeding

for Holothuria (Panningothuria) forskali Delle Chiaje, 1823

Auricularia larva. Summer [details]

Breeding

for Labidoplax buski (McIntosh, 1866)

Yolky eggs, probably direct development [details]

Breeding

for Labidoplax buskii (MacIntosh, 1866)

Yolky eggs, probably direct development [details]

Breeding

for Labidoplax digitata (Montagu, 1815)

Auricularia larva. Summer [details]

Breeding

for Leptasterias (Leptasterias) muelleri (M. Sars, 1846)

Broods young in spring [details]

Breeding

for Leptopentacta elongata (Düben & Koren, 1846)

Doliolatia larva [details]

Breeding

for Leptosynapta inhaerens (O.F. Müller, 1776)

Doliolaria larva. Spring [details]

Breeding

for Leptosynapta minuta (Becher, 1906)

Viviparous, can contain several developing young [details]

Breeding

for Luidia ciliaris (Philippi, 1837)

Bipinnaria larva. Summer [details]

Breeding

for Luidia sarsi Düben & Koren in Düben, 1844

Bipinnaria larva. Winter-spring. [details]

Breeding

for Marthasterias glacialis (Linnaeus, 1758)

Hermaphrodite. Planktonic brachiloraia larva. Spring - summer [details]

Breeding

for Neopentadactyla mixta (Östergren, 1898) Deichmann, 1944

Large eggs, probable direct development [details]

Breeding

for Ocnus lacteus (Forbes & Goodsir, 1839)

Can reproduce by fission [details]

Breeding

for Ocnus planci (Brandt, 1835)

Doliolaria larva [details]

Breeding

for Ophiactis balli (W. Thompson, 1840)

Ophiopluteus larva. Summer [details]

Breeding

for Ophiocomina nigra (Abildgaard in O.F. Müller, 1789)

Ophiopluteus larva. Summer [details]

Breeding

for Ophiocten affinis (Lütken, 1858)

Ophipluteus larva. Summer [details]

Breeding

for Ophiopholis aculeata (Linnaeus, 1767)

Ophiopluteus larva [details]

Breeding

for Ophiopsila aranea Forbes, 1843

Mature in summer [details]

Breeding

for Ophiothrix fragilis (Abildgaard in O.F. Müller, 1789)

Ophiopluteus larva. Spring - Summer [details]

Breeding

for Ophiura albida Forbes, 1839

Ophiopluteus larva. Summer [details]

Breeding

for Ophiura ophiura (Linnaeus, 1758)

Ophiopluteus larva. Summer [details]

Breeding

for Ophiura robusta (Ayres, 1852)

Ophiopluteus larva. April-May [details]

Breeding

for Ophiura sarsii Lütken, 1855

Probably ophiopluteus larva [details]

Breeding

for Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck, 1816)

Echinopluteus larva. Summer [details]

Breeding

for Pawsonia saxicola (Brady & Robertson, 1871)

Spawns in May [details]

Breeding

for Porania (Porania) pulvillus (O.F. Müller, 1776)

Brachiolaria larva. Spring. [details]

Breeding

for Psammechinus miliaris (P.L.S. Müller, 1771)

Echinopluteus larva. Spring to autumn [details]

Breeding

for Psolus phantapus (Strussenfelt, 1765)

Non-feeding barrel-shaped red larva. February - March [details]

Breeding

for Pteraster militaris (O.F. Müller, 1776)

Brood young under membrane [details]

Breeding

for Spatangus purpureus O.F. Müller, 1776

Echinopluteus larva. Summer [details]

Breeding

for Sphaerechinus granularis (Lamarck, 1816)

Echinopluteus larva. Summer [details]

Breeding

for Stichastrella rosea (O.F. Müller, 1776)

Probably planktonic larva. Summer [details]

Breeding

for Stichopus tremulus (Gunnerus, 1767)

Auricularia larva [details]

Breeding

for Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis (O.F. Müller, 1776)

Echinopluteus larva. January to May [details]

Breeding

for Strongylocentrotus pallidus (Sars G.O., 1872)

Echinopluteus larva. February to May [details]

Breeding

for Thyonidium drummondii (Thompson, 1840)

Large eggs; non-pelagic development [details]

Distribution

for Amphipholis squamata (Delle Chiaje, 1828)

Intertidal to more than 200 m depth. Common along algae in tidepools and damp places , and under stones in gravel, ... [details]

Distribution

for Amphiura (Acrocnida) brachiata (Montagu, 1804)

From the intertidal to about 40 m depth, deeply buried in sand or muddy sand, with some of the arm tips reaching ... [details]

Distribution

for Amphiura chiajei Forbes, 1843

In depths of 50 to more than 200 m, burrowing in sand or muddy sand, all round the British Isles, but rare in the ... [details]

Distribution

for Amphiura filiformis (O.F. Müller, 1776)

From 5 to more than 200 m depth, in muddy sand or mud, all round the British Isles, except, possibly, the southeast [details]

Distribution

for Amphiura incana Lyman, 1879

At about 10 to 20 m depth, in sand, Galway Bay (Ireland) and Plymouth (southwest England); probably overlooked elsewhere [details]

Distribution

for Anseropoda placenta (Pennant, 1777)

In depths of 10 to 500 m, on gravel, sand, mud and ocassionally rock; English Channel, Irish Sea, rare off western ... [details]

Distribution

for Antedon petasus (Düben & Koren, 1846)

SW Iceland to the Faroe Islands and Scandinavia (Trondhjemsfjord S along the Norwegian and W Swedish coasts to ... [details]

Distribution

for Aslia lefevrei (Barrois, 1882)

Low intertidal to about 30 m depth,under stones and in crevices; in the Channel Islands and along the western ... [details]

Distribution

for Asterias rubens Linnaeus, 1758

Lower shore to more than 200 m depth, on rock gravel and sand; very common all round the British Isles [details]

Distribution

for Asterina gibbosa (Pennant, 1777)

From the lower shore to about 125 m depth, on rocky shores, under overhangs, under stones and in rock pools, ... [details]

Distribution

for Asterina phylactica Emson & Crump, 1979

Occurs in large, deep, high-level rock pools on fairly exposed shores; less common in lower pools and sublittoral. ... [details]

Distribution

for Asteronyx loveni Müller & Troschel, 1842

In more than 100 m depth, clinging to sea pens and gorgonians towards the edge of the continental shelf and in some ... [details]

Distribution

for Astropecten irregularis (Pennant, 1777)

Sublittoral to more than 200 m depth; lives buried in sand or muddy sand, all around the British Isles except for ... [details]

Distribution

for Cidaris cidaris (Linnaeus, 1758)

In depths of more than 130 m, on gravel, stones and coral, to the north and west ofo the British Isles [details]

Distribution

for Crossaster papposus (Linnaeus, 1767)

From low intertidal to more than 200 m depth, mainly on coarse sand and gravel, all round the British Isles [details]

Distribution

for Cucumaria frondosa (Gunnerus, 1767)

From low intertidal to more than 200 m depth, among rocks, stones and seaweed; northern Scotland, Orkeny, Shetland and ... [details]

Distribution

for Echinaster (Echinaster) sepositus (Retzius, 1783)

Not known at the present from the British Isles but may be expected to arrive in southern England and Ireland. ... [details]

Distribution

for Echinocardium cordatum (Pennant, 1777)

Lower shore and subtidal to 200 m depth, burrowing in sand or muddy sand, all round the British Isles. Apparently ... [details]

Distribution

for Echinocardium pennatifidum Norman, 1868

From low on shore to 150 m depth, burrowing in coarse sand or fine shell gravel, around western coasts from the ... [details]

Distribution

for Echinocyamus pusillus (O.F. Müller, 1776)

Sublittoral to more than 200 m depth, in coarse sand and fine gravel, common all around British Isles [details]

Distribution

for Echinus acutus Lamarck, 1816

Deeper than 200 m, on stones and gravel. Vars flemingii and norvegicus occur in the western Channel, off western ... [details]

Distribution

for Echinus elegans Düben & Koren, 1844

A deep water species, found occasionally between 100 and 200 m near the edge of the continental shelf to the west ... [details]

Distribution

for Echinus esculentus Linnaeus, 1758

From low intertidal, but mainly in the sublittoral zone, down to 40 m depth, occasionally deeper, on rocks, stones ... [details]

Distribution

for Echinus tenuispinus Norman, 1868

At the edge of the continental shelf in depths of 130 m to 200 m, to the west of Ireland and around Shetland [details]

Distribution

for Ekmania barthii (Troschel, 1846)

Not recorded from British waters, but likely to occur in the North Sea, Shetland and Orkney. Sublittoral to 100 m depth. [details]

Distribution

for Gorgonocephalus caputmedusae (Linnaeus, 1758)

In depths of more than 150 m, on rough ground where currents are strong, off northern Scotland, the Orkneys and ... [details]

Distribution

for Gorgonocephalus eucnemis (Müller & Troschel, 1842)

Juveniles are known to live on, or in, the polyps of alvyonarians (Patent, 1970) [details]

Distribution

for Henricia oculata (Pennant, 1777)

The commonest species of Henricia around the British Isles, occuring from low intertidal to at least 50 m depth, on ... [details]

Distribution

for Henricia perforata (O.F. Müller, 1776)

In depths of 20 to more than 200 m, northern North Sea and possibly Shetland [details]

Distribution

for Henricia pertusa (O.F. Müller, 1776)

In depths of more than 100 m in the northern North Sea and near Shetland, possibly extending as far south as Biscay. [details]

Distribution

for Henricia sanguinolenta (O.F. Müller, 1776)

From low intertidal to 50 m depth, typical of the algal zone. British distribution not completely known, but it ... [details]

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