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Lack of phylogeographic structure in the freshwater cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa suggests global dispersal
van Gremberghe, I.; Leliaert, F.; Mergeay, J.; Vanormelingen, P.; Van der Gucht, K.; Debeer, A.-E.; Lacerot, G.; De Meester, L.; Vyverman, W. (2011). Lack of phylogeographic structure in the freshwater cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa suggests global dispersal. PLoS One 6(5): e19561. dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0019561
In: PLoS One. Public Library of Science: San Francisco. ISSN 1932-6203; e-ISSN 1932-6203
Peer reviewed article  
Available in  Authors 
Keywords
    Organisms > Microorganisms > Prokaryotes > Microorganisms > Bacteria > Cyanobacteria > Cyanobacterium
    Microcystis aeruginosa (Kützing) Kützing, 1846 [WoRMS]
    Fresh water
Authors  Top 
  • van Gremberghe, I.
  • Leliaert, F., more
  • Mergeay, J.
  • Vanormelingen, P.
  • Van der Gucht, K.
  • Debeer, A.-E.
  • Lacerot, G.
  • De Meester, L.
  • Vyverman, W.
Abstract
    Background: Free-living microorganisms have long been assumed to have ubiquitous distributions with little biogeographic signature because they typically exhibit high dispersal potential and large population sizes. However, molecular data provide contrasting results and it is far from clear to what extent dispersal limitation determines geographicstructuring of microbial populations. We aimed to determine biogeographical patterns of the bloom-forming freshwatercyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa. Being widely distributed on a global scale but patchily on a regional scale, this prokaryote is an ideal model organism to study microbial dispersal and biogeography.Methodology/Principal Findings: The phylogeography of M. aeruginosa was studied based on a dataset of 311 rDNAinternal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences sampled from six continents. Richness of ITS sequences was high (239 ITS typeswere detected). Genetic divergence among ITS types averaged 4% (maximum pairwise divergence was 13%). Preliminary analyses revealed nearly completely unresolved phylogenetic relationships and a lack of genetic structure among all sequences due to extensive homoplasy at multiple hypervariable sites. After correcting for this, still no clear phylogeographic structure was detected, and no pattern of isolation by distance was found on a global scale. Concomitantly, genetic differentiation among continents was marginal, whereas variation within continents was high and was mostly shared with all other continents. Similarly, no genetic structure across climate zones was detected.Conclusions/Significance: The high overall diversity and wide global distribution of common ITS types in combination with the lack of phylogeographic structure suggest that intercontinental dispersal of M. aeruginosa ITS types is not rare, and that this species might have a truly cosmopolitan distribution.
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