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Contrasting patterns of genetic structure and phylogeography in the marine agarophytes Gelidiophycus divaricatus and G. freshwateri (Gelidiales, Rhodophyta) from East Asia
Boo, G.H.; Qiu, Y.-X.; Kim, J.Y.; Ang, P.O.; Bosch, S.; De Clerck, O.; He, P.; Higa, A.; Huang, B.; Kogame, K.; Liu, S.-L.; Nguyen, T.V.; Suda, S.; Terada, R.; Miller, K.A.; Boo, S.M. (2019). Contrasting patterns of genetic structure and phylogeography in the marine agarophytes Gelidiophycus divaricatus and G. freshwateri (Gelidiales, Rhodophyta) from East Asia. J. Phycol. 55(6): 1319-1334. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jpy.12910
In: Journal of Phycology. Blackwell Science: New York. ISSN 0022-3646; e-ISSN 1529-8817
Peer reviewed article  
Available in  Authors 
Keywords
    Gelidiophycus G.H.Boo, J.K.Park & S.M.Boo, 2013 [WoRMS]
    Marine/Coastal
Author keywords
    agar-producing algae; East Asia; ecological niche modeling;Gelidiophycus; phylogeographical inference; upper intertidal species
Authors  Top 
  • Boo, G.H.
  • Qiu, Y.-X.
  • Kim, J.Y.
  • Ang, P.O.
  • Bosch, S.
  • De Clerck, O., more
  • He, P.
  • Higa, A.
  • Huang, B.
  • Kogame, K.
  • Liu, S.-L.
  • Nguyen, T.V.
  • Suda, S.
  • Terada, R.
  • Miller, K.A.
  • Boo, S.M.
Abstract
    The evolutionary and population demographic history of marine red algae in East Asia is poorly understood. Here, we reconstructed the phylogeographies of two upper intertidal species endemic to East Asia, Gelidiophycus divaricatus and G. freshwateri. Phylogenetic and phylogeographic inferences of 393 mitochondrial cox1, 128 plastid rbcL, and 342 nuclear ITS2 sequences were complemented with ecological niche models. Gelidiophycus divaricatus, a southern species adapted to warm water, is characterized by a high genetic diversity and a strong geographical population structure, characteristic of stable population sizes and sudden reduction to recent expansion. In contrast, G. freshwateri, a northern species adapted to cold temperate conditions, is genetically relatively homogeneous with a shallow population structure resulting from steady population growth and recent equilibrium. The overlap zone of the two species roughly matches summer and winter isotherms, indicating that surface seawater temperature is a key feature influencing species range. Unidirectional genetic introgression was detected at two sites on Jeju Island where G. divaricatus was rare while G. freshwateri was common, suggesting the occurrence of asymmetric natural hybrids, a rarely reported event for rhodophytes. Our results illustrate that Quaternary climate oscillations have left strong imprints on the current day genetic structure and highlight the importance of seawater temperature and sea level change in driving speciation in upper intertidal seaweed species.
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