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A high-quality genetic reference database for European commercial fishes reveals substitution fraud of processed Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and common sole (Solea solea) at different steps in the Belgian supply chain
Deconinck, D.; Volckaert, F.A.M.; Hostens, K.; Panicz, R.; Eljasik, P.; Faria, M.; Sousa Monteiro, C.; Robbens, J.; Derycke, S. (2020). A high-quality genetic reference database for European commercial fishes reveals substitution fraud of processed Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and common sole (Solea solea) at different steps in the Belgian supply chain. Food Chem. Toxicol. 141: 111417. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2020.111417
In: Food and Chemical Toxicology. Elsevier: Oxford; New York. ISSN 0278-6915; e-ISSN 1873-6351
Peer reviewed article  
Available in  Authors 
Keywords
    Gadus morhua Linnaeus, 1758 [WoRMS]; Solea solea (Linnaeus, 1758) [WoRMS]
    Marine/Coastal
Author keywords
    DNA barcoding; COI and cytB; EU fish; Substitution fraud; Belgian supply chain; Atlantic cod; Common sole
Authors  Top 
  • Deconinck, D.
  • Volckaert, F.A.M.
  • Hostens, K., more
  • Panicz, R.
  • Eljasik, P.
  • Faria, M.
  • Sousa Monteiro, C.
  • Robbens, J.
  • Derycke, S., more
Abstract
    Seafood is an important component of the human diet. With depleting fish stocks and increasing prices, seafood is prone to fraudulent substitution. DNA barcoding has illustrated fraudulent substitution of fishes in retail and restaurants. Whether substitution also occurs in other steps of the supply chain remains largely unknown. DNA barcoding relies on public reference databases for species identification, but these can contain incorrect identifications. The creation of a high quality genetic reference database for 42 European commercially important fishes was initiated containing 145 Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and 152 Cytochrome b (cytB) sequences. This database was used to identify substitution rates of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and common sole (Solea solea) along the fish supply chain in Belgium using DNA barcoding. Three out of 132 cod samples were substituted, in catering (6%), import (5%) and fishmongers (3%). Seven out of the 41 processed sole samples were substituted, in wholesale (100%), food services (50%), retailers (20%) and catering (8%). Results show that substitution of G. morhua and S. solea is not restricted to restaurants, but occurs in other parts of the supply chain, warranting for more stringent controls along the supply chain to increase transparency and trust among consumers.
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