The magnitude of global marine species diversity

Appeltans, W.; Ahyong, S.T.; Anderson, G.; Angel, M.V.; Artois, T.; Bailly, N.; Bamber, R.N.; Barber, A.; Bartsch, I.; Berta, A.; Blazewicz-Paszkowycz, M.; Bock, P.; Boxshall, G.; Boyko, C.B.; Nunes Brandão, S.; Bray, R.A.; Bruce, N.L.; Cairns, S.D.; Chan, T.-Y.; Cheng, L.; Collins, A.G.; Cribb, T.H.; Curini-Galletti, M.; Dahdouh-Guebas, F.; Davie, P.J.F.; Dawson, M.N.; De Clerck, O.; Decock, W.; De Grave, S.; de Voogd, N.J.; Domning, D.P.; Emig, C.C.; Erséus, Ch.; Eschmeyer, W.; Fauchald, K.; Fautin, D.G.; Feist, S.W.; Fransen, C.H.J.M.; Furuya, H.; García-Alvarez, O.; Gerken, S.; Gibson, D.; Gittenberger, A.; Gofas, S.; Gómez-Daglio, L.; Gordon, D.P.; Guiry, M.D.; Hernandez, F.; Hoeksema, B.W.; Hopcroft, R.R.; Jaume, D.; Kirk, P.; Koedam, N.; Koenemann, S.; Kolb, J.B.; Kristensen, R.M.; Kroh, A.; Lambert, G.; Lazarus, D.B.; Lemaitre, R.; Longshaw, M.; Lowry, J.; MacPherson, E.; Madin, L.P.; Mah, C.; Mapstone, G.; McLaughlin, P.A.; Mees, J.; Meland, K.; Messing, C.G.; Mills, C.E.; Molodtsova, T.N.; Mooi, R.; Neuhaus, B.; Ng, P.K.L.; Nielsen, C.; Norenburg, J.; Opresko, D.M.; Osawa, M.; Paulay, G.; Perrin, W.; Pilger, J.F.; Poore, G.C.B.; Pugh, Ph.R.; Read, G.B.; Reimer, J.D.; Rius, M.; Rocha, R.M.; Sáiz Salinas, J.I.; Scarabino, V.; Schierwater, B.; Schmidt-Rhaesa, A.; Schnabel, K.E.; Schotte, M.; Schuchert, P.; Schwabe, E.; Segers, H.; Self-Sullivan, C.; Shenkar, N.; Siegel, V.; Sterrer, W.; Stöhr, S.; Swalla, B.; Tasker, M.L.; Thuesen, E.V.; Timm, T.; Todaro, M.A.; Turon, X.; Tyler, S.; Uetz, P.; van der Land, J.; Vanhoorne, B.; van Ofwegen, L.P.; Van Soest, R.W.M.; Vanaverbeke, J.; Walker-Smith, G.K.; Walter, T.C.; Warren, A.; Williams, G.C.; Wilson, S.P.; Costello, M.J.

doi:10.1016/j.cub.2012.09.036

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The magnitude of global marine species diversity

Appeltans, W.; Ahyong, S.T.; Anderson, G.; Angel, M.V.; Artois, T.; Bailly, N.; Bamber, R.N.; Barber, A.; Bartsch, I.; Berta, A.; Blazewicz-Paszkowycz , M.; Bock, P.; Boxshall, G.; Boyko, C.B.; Nunes Brandão, S.; Bray, R.A.; Bruce, N.L.; Cairns, S.D.; Chan, T.-Y.; Cheng, L.; Collins, A.G.; Cribb, T.H.; Curini-Galletti, M.; Dahdouh-Guebas, F.; Davie, P.J.F.; Dawson, M.N.; De Clerck, O.; Decock, W.; De Grave, S.; de Voogd, N.J.; Domning, D.P.; Emig, C.C.; Erséus, Ch.; Eschmeyer, W.; Fauchald, K.; Fautin, D.G.; Feist, S.W.; Fransen, C.H.J.M.; Furuya, H.; García-Alvarez, O.; Gerken, S.; Gibson, D.; Gittenberger, A.; Gofas, S.; Gómez-Daglio, L.; Gordon, D.P.; Guiry, M.D.; Hernandez, F.; Hoeksema, B.W.; Hopcroft, R.R.; Jaume, D.; Kirk, P.; Koedam, N.; Koenemann, S.; Kolb, J.B.; Kristensen, R.M.; Kroh, A.; Lambert, G.; Lazarus, D.B.; Lemaitre, R.; Longshaw, M.; Lowry, J.; MacPherson, E.; Madin, L.P.; Mah, C.; Mapstone, G.; McLaughlin, P.A.; Mees, J.; Meland, K.; Messing, C.G.; Mills, C.E.; Molodtsova, T.N.; Mooi, R.; Neuhaus, B.; Ng, P.K.L.; Nielsen, C.; Norenburg, J.; Opresko, D.M.; Osawa, M.; Paulay, G.; Perrin, W.; Pilger, J.F.; Poore, G.C.B.; Pugh, Ph.R.; Read, G.B.; Reimer, J.D.; Rius, M.; Rocha, R.M.; Sáiz Salinas, J.I.; Scarabino, V.; Schierwater, B.; Schmidt-Rhaesa, A.; Schnabel, K.E.; Schotte, M.; Schuchert, P.; Schwabe, E.; Segers, H.; Self-Sullivan, C.; Shenkar, N.; Siegel, V.; Sterrer, W.; Stöhr, S.; Swalla, B.; Tasker, M.L.; Thuesen, E.V.; Timm, T.; Todaro, M.A.; Turon, X.; Tyler, S.; Uetz, P.; van der Land, J.; Vanhoorne, B.; van Ofwegen, L.P.; Van Soest, R.W.M.; Vanaverbeke, J.; Walker-Smith, G.K.; Walter, T.C.; Warren, A.; Williams, G.C.; Wilson, S.P.; Costello, M.J. (2012). The magnitude of global marine species diversity. Curr. Biol. 22(23): 2189-2202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2012.09.036

In: Current Biology. Cell Press: London. ISSN 0960-9822; e-ISSN 1879-0445

Available in	Authors \| Dataset
VLIZ: Open Marine Archive 242508 [ download pdf ]

Keywords

Species diversity
Global
Marine/Coastal

Authors		Top \| Dataset
Appeltans, W., more Ahyong, S.T., more Anderson, G. Angel, M.V., more Artois, T., more Bailly, N., more Bamber, R.N., more Barber, A. Bartsch, I., more Berta, A. Blazewicz-Paszkowycz, M. Bock, P. Boxshall, G., more Boyko, C.B. Nunes Brandão, S. Bray, R.A., more Bruce, N.L., more Cairns, S.D., more Chan, T.-Y., more Cheng, L., more Collins, A.G. Cribb, T.H., more Curini-Galletti, M. Dahdouh-Guebas, F., more Davie, P.J.F. Dawson, M.N. De Clerck, O., more Decock, W., more De Grave, S., more de Voogd, N.J. Domning, D.P. Emig, C.C., more Erséus, Ch., more Eschmeyer, W. Fauchald, K. Fautin, D.G., more Feist, S.W., more Fransen, C.H.J.M., more Furuya, H. García-Alvarez, O. Gerken, S.	Gibson, D. Gittenberger, A. Gofas, S., more Gómez-Daglio, L. Gordon, D.P. Guiry, M.D., more Hernandez, F., more Hoeksema, B.W., more Hopcroft, R.R. Jaume, D., more Kirk, P. Koedam, N. Koenemann, S. Kolb, J.B. Kristensen, R.M., more Kroh, A., more Lambert, G. Lazarus, D.B. Lemaitre, R. Longshaw, M. Lowry, J. MacPherson, E. Madin, L.P. Mah, C. Mapstone, G., more McLaughlin, P.A. Mees, J., more Meland, K. Messing, C.G. Mills, C.E. Molodtsova, T.N. Mooi, R. Neuhaus, B., more Ng, P.K.L. Nielsen, C. Norenburg, J. Opresko, D.M. Osawa, M. Paulay, G., more Perrin, W.	Pilger, J.F. Poore, G.C.B., more Pugh, Ph.R. Read, G.B. Reimer, J.D. Rius, M. Rocha, R.M. Sáiz Salinas, J.I. Scarabino, V., more Schierwater, B., more Schmidt-Rhaesa, A., more Schnabel, K.E. Schotte, M. Schuchert, P. Schwabe, E. Segers, H., more Self-Sullivan, C. Shenkar, N. Siegel, V. Sterrer, W. Stöhr, S., more Swalla, B. Tasker, M.L., more Thuesen, E.V., more Timm, T. Todaro, M.A., more Turon, X. Tyler, S. Uetz, P. van der Land, J., more Vanhoorne, B., more van Ofwegen, L.P. Van Soest, R.W.M., more Vanaverbeke, J., more Walker-Smith, G.K. Walter, T.C. Warren, A. Williams, G.C., more Wilson, S.P. Costello, M.J., more

Abstract

Background: The question of how many marine species exist is important because it provides a metric for how much we do and do not know about life in the oceans. We have compiled the first register of the marine species of the world and used this baseline to estimate how many more species, partitioned among all major eukaryotic groups, may be discoveredResults: There are ~226,000 eukaryotic marine species described. More species were described in the past decade (~20,000) than in any previous one. The number of authors describing new species has been increasing at a faster rate than the number of new species described in the past six decades. We report that there are ~170,000 synonyms, that 58,000–72,000 species are collected but not yet described, and that 482,000–741,000 more species have yet to be sampled. Molecular methods may add tens of thousands of cryptic species. Thus, there may be 0.7–1.0 million marine species. Past rates of description of new species indicate there may be 0.5 ± 0.2 million marine species. On average 37% (median 31%) of species in over 100 recent field studies around the world might be new to science.Conclusions: Currently, between one-third and two-thirds of marine species may be undescribed, and previous estimates of there being well over one million marine species appear highly unlikely. More species than ever before are being described annually by an increasing number of authors. If the current trend continues, most species will be discovered this century.

Dataset
WoRMS: WoRMS Editorial Board (2024). World Register of Marine Species. Available from https://www.marinespecies.org at VLIZ. Accessed yyyy-mm-dd., more

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