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Neither slugs nor snails: A molecular reappraisal of the gastropod family Velutinidae
Fassio, G.; Stefani, M.; Russini, V.; Buge, B.; Bouchet, P.; Treneman, N.T.; Malaquias, M.A.E.; Schiaparelli, S.; Modica, M.V.; Oliverio, M. (2023). Neither slugs nor snails: A molecular reappraisal of the gastropod family Velutinidae. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 197(4): 924-964. https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac091
In: Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. Academic Press: London. ISSN 0024-4082; e-ISSN 1096-3642
Peer reviewed article  
Available in  Authors 
Keywords
    Gastropoda [WoRMS]; Velutinidae Gray, 1840 [WoRMS]
    Marine/Coastal
Author keywords
    biodiversity, cryptic species, Gastropoda, host–parasite systems, mimicry, molecular systematics, new genera, taxonomic revision
Authors  Top 
  • Fassio, G.
  • Stefani, M.
  • Russini, V.
  • Buge, B.
  • Bouchet, P., more
  • Treneman, N.T.
  • Malaquias, M.A.E.
  • Schiaparelli, S.
  • Modica, M.V.
  • Oliverio, M.
Abstract
    The systematics of the marine mollusc family Velutinidae has long been neglected by taxonomists, mainly because their often internal and fragile shells offer no morphological characters. Velutinids are usually undersampled owing to their cryptic mantle coloration on the solitary, social or colonial ascidians on which they feed and lay eggs. In this study, we address the worldwide diversity and phylogeny of Velutinidae based on the largest molecular dataset (313 specimens) to date, accounting for > 50% of the currently accepted genera, coupled with morphological and ecological data. Velutinids emerge as a diverse group, encompassing four independent subfamily-level lineages, two of which are newly described herein: Marseniopsinae subfam. nov. and Hainotinae subfam. nov. High diversity was found at genus and species levels, with two newly described genera (Variolipallium gen. nov. and Pacifica gen. nov.) and ≥ 86 species in the assayed dataset, 58 of which are new to science (67%). Velutinidae show a remarkable morphological plasticity in shell morphology, mantle extension and chromatic patterns. This variability is likely to be the result of different selective forces, including habitat, depth and trophic interactions.
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